Context

This report describes the Survey of COVID-19 Responses to Understand Behaviour (SCRUB) project. It is focused on Wave 3 results, but include key findings from previous waves.A total of 1474 respondents completed Wave 3 of the survey.

Sample characteristics

This sample includes Australian participants from a panel company (ORU) only.

Gender

Respondent gender by wave
gender 1 2 3
Male 46% (501) 48% (516) 47% (700)
Female 52% (573) 51% (557) 52% (770)
Other (specify) 0% (1) 0% (0) 0% (4)
NA 2% (17) 1% (11) 0% (0)

Country

Respondent country by wave
country 1 2 3
Australia 100% (1092) 100% (1084) 100% (1474)
Angola 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Germany 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Austria 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Nepal 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
United States of America 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Singapore 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
India 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Netherlands 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Romania 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Portugal 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Saudi Arabia 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Ireland 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Serbia 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Croatia 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Viet Nam 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Albania 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Canada 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
France 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Sweden 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
New Zealand 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
South Africa 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Philippines 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Pakistan 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Uganda 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Mexico 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Hungary 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Colombia 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Malaysia 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Norway 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Ukraine 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Afghanistan 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Qatar 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Cuba 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
United Arab Emirates 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Israel 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Tunisia 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Iceland 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Belgium 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Denmark 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Italy 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Turkey 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Brazil 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Hong Kong (S.A.R.) 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Slovakia 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Chile 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Nigeria 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Algeria 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
Bahrain 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)

Age group

Respondent age group by wave
agegroup 1 2 3
18-29 9% (102) 13% (138) 20% (292)
30-39 22% (240) 19% (205) 19% (285)
40-49 14% (158) 17% (187) 15% (226)
50-59 18% (194) 18% (191) 16% (230)
60-69 21% (229) 16% (176) 15% (215)
70-79 13% (146) 12% (134) 12% (177)
80 and over 2% (23) 5% (53) 3% (49)

Australian state

State or territory by wave
state_aus 1 2 3
Australian Capital Territory 1% (16) 2% (20) 1% (12)
New South Wales 27% (292) 26% (285) 15% (220)
Northern Territory 0% (3) 0% (2) 0% (3)
Queensland 20% (213) 19% (210) 10% (148)
South Australia 8% (83) 8% (88) 4% (66)
Tasmania 3% (28) 2% (26) 1% (17)
Victoria 29% (315) 29% (313) 63% (924)
Western Australia 12% (128) 12% (130) 6% (84)
NA 1% (14) 1% (10) 0% (0)

Cultural and linguistic diversity

We asked respondents their country of birth, whether they spoke a language other than English at home, and whether they were of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin.

Country of birth by wave: In which country were you born?
cald_cob 1 2 3
Australia 0% (0) 70% (758) 73% (1074)
Other (please specify) 0% (0) 29% (318) 25% (375)
NA 100% (1092) 1% (8) 2% (25)
Language spoken at home by wave: Do you speak a language other than English at home?
cald_lote 1 2 3
No, English only 0% (0) 83% (901) 83% (1223)
Yes, other language (please specify) 0% (0) 16% (176) 16% (230)
NA 100% (1092) 1% (7) 1% (21)
Languages spoken other than English at home, Wave 3 (raw text responses), 2 or more responses
Language n % total % LOTE
Arabic 3 0.2% 1.3%
Bengali 5 0.3% 2.2%
Cantonese 16 1.1% 7.1%
Chinese 4 0.3% 1.8%
French 7 0.5% 3.1%
German 3 0.2% 1.3%
Greek 4 0.3% 1.8%
Gujarati 7 0.5% 3.1%
Hindi 18 1.2% 8.0%
Indonesian 3 0.2% 1.3%
Italian 14 0.9% 6.2%
Japanese 4 0.3% 1.8%
Kannada 4 0.3% 1.8%
Korean 2 0.1% 0.9%
Macedonian 3 0.2% 1.3%
Malayalam 3 0.2% 1.3%
Maltese 3 0.2% 1.3%
Mandarin 25 1.7% 11.1%
Nepali 2 0.1% 0.9%
Polish 6 0.4% 2.7%
Punjabi 2 0.1% 0.9%
Serbian 2 0.1% 0.9%
Sinhala 4 0.3% 1.8%
Sinhalese 6 0.4% 2.7%
Spanish 3 0.2% 1.3%
Tagalog 10 0.7% 4.4%
Tamil 6 0.4% 2.7%
Telugu 3 0.2% 1.3%
Turkish 2 0.1% 0.9%
Urdu 6 0.4% 2.7%
Vietnamese 5 0.3% 2.2%
NA 1249 84.7% -

ABS Remoteness index

More information about the Australian Bureau of Statistics Remoteness index is available on the ABS website.

Remoteness index by wave
region_aus_type 1 2 3
Major city 76% (832) 77% (839) 84% (1237)
Inner regional 13% (140) 13% (139) 12% (182)
Outer regional 3% (31) 3% (30) 3% (45)
Remote 0% (4) 0% (2) 0% (3)
Very remote 0% (0) 0% (0) 0% (0)
NA 8% (85) 7% (74) 0% (7)

Employment

We asked the following questions about employment at Wave 2 and 3, based on the ABS questions asked about employment.

  • In the last 7 days, did you have a job of any kind?
  • In the last 7 days, did you work more hours, less hours, or the same hours as usual?
    • Was the reason you worked more or less hours due to COVID-19?
  • In the last 7 days, did you spend time providing unpaid care, help or assistance to family members or others because of a disability, a long term health condition or problems related to old age?
  • In the last 7 days, did you spend time looking after a child, without pay?
  • Have your work arrangements or job situation changed in the past month due to COVID-19?
Employment by wave: In the last 7 days, did you have a job of any kind?
employ 1 2 3
No, did not have a job 0% (0) 47% (511) 41% (611)
Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down 0% (0) 6% (63) 4% (62)
Yes, unpaid work 0% (0) 3% (37) 3% (37)
Yes, worked for payment or profit 0% (0) 43% (470) 52% (761)
NA 100% (1092) 0% (3) 0% (3)
Employment hours by wave: In the last 7 days, did you work more hours, less hours, or the same hours as usual?
employ_hours 1 2 3
Less hours 0% (0) 19% (208) 19% (284)
More hours 0% (0) 7% (76) 8% (115)
Same hours 0% (0) 27% (289) 31% (461)
NA 100% (1092) 47% (511) 42% (614)
Was the reason you worked more or less hours due to COVID-19?
employ_reason 1 2 3
No 0% (0) 5% (50) 5% (72)
Yes 0% (0) 21% (231) 22% (320)
NA 100% (1092) 74% (803) 73% (1082)
Employment hours change by reason (Wave 3 only)
employ_reason employ_hours Total
Less hours More hours Same hours
No 30 42 0 72
Yes 248 72 0 320
Total 278 114 0 392
χ2=NaN · df=2 · Cramer’s V=NaN · Fisher’s p=0.000
Employment: Unpaid disability, chronic health, or old age care by wave
employ_carer 1 2 3
No 0% (0) 86% (928) 85% (1250)
Yes 0% (0) 14% (154) 14% (208)
NA 100% (1092) 0% (2) 1% (16)
Employment: Unpaid child care by wave
employ_child 1 2 3
No 0% (0) 73% (790) 74% (1095)
Yes, looked after a child other than my own child 0% (0) 3% (37) 4% (59)
Yes, looked after my own child 0% (0) 24% (255) 21% (310)
NA 100% (1092) 0% (2) 1% (10)
Employment changes by wave: Have your work arrangements or job situation changed in the past month due to COVID-19?
employ_change 1 2 3
No 0% (0) 61% (663) 59% (864)
Yes 0% (0) 38% (412) 41% (609)
NA 100% (1092) 1% (9) 0% (1)

Key findings - all waves

What is the frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviour

The scale of responses was Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, and Always.

The following behaviours were measured at Wave 1 and 2 only:

  • NOT touch face with unwashed hands
  • Cover coughs and sneezes with elbow or a tissue

The following behaviour was measured starting at Wave 3:

  • Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app when in public

Wave 1

## beh_app [6]
Wave 1: Frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviours
  Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and
water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser
9
(1 %)
25
(2 %)
94
(9 %)
331
(30 %)
631
(58 %)
Cover coughs and sneezes with elbow or
a tissue
27
(2 %)
30
(3 %)
84
(8 %)
212
(20 %)
731
(67 %)
NOT touch face with unwashed hands 33
(3 %)
113
(10 %)
326
(30 %)
359
(33 %)
257
(24 %)
Keep physical distance from people in
public, school, or workplace
10
(1 %)
15
(1 %)
119
(11 %)
393
(36 %)
551
(51 %)
Stay at home 12
(1 %)
27
(2 %)
110
(10 %)
605
(56 %)
333
(31 %)

Wave 2

## beh_app [6]
Wave 2: Frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviours
  Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and
water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser
6
(1 %)
31
(3 %)
116
(11 %)
353
(33 %)
573
(53 %)
Cover coughs and sneezes with elbow or
a tissue
14
(1 %)
30
(3 %)
82
(8 %)
209
(21 %)
653
(66 %)
NOT touch face with unwashed hands 24
(2 %)
106
(10 %)
291
(27 %)
380
(35 %)
274
(25 %)
Keep physical distance from people in
public, school, or workplace
2
(0 %)
10
(1 %)
41
(4 %)
246
(23 %)
751
(72 %)
Stay at home 2
(0 %)
19
(2 %)
79
(7 %)
534
(50 %)
433
(41 %)

Wave 3

## beh_cover [2], beh_touch [3]
Wave 3: Frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviours
  Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and
water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser
12
(1 %)
46
(3 %)
164
(11 %)
520
(35 %)
723
(49 %)
Cover coughs and sneezes with elbow or
a tissue
4
(0 %)
15
(1 %)
73
(5 %)
408
(29 %)
928
(65 %)
NOT touch face with unwashed hands 13
(1 %)
26
(2 %)
158
(11 %)
814
(56 %)
447
(31 %)
Keep physical distance from people in
public, school, or workplace
589
(48 %)
30
(2 %)
74
(6 %)
106
(9 %)
429
(35 %)

Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?

Wave 1

Wave 1: Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?
  Very low confidence 2 3 4 5 6 Very high confidence
Local or city health authority 83
(8 %)
60
(6 %)
216
(20 %)
251
(23 %)
265
(24 %)
104
(10 %)
107
(10 %)
State, province, or regional health
authority
48
(4 %)
38
(3 %)
153
(14 %)
230
(21 %)
320
(29 %)
169
(16 %)
132
(12 %)
National health authority 46
(4 %)
31
(3 %)
103
(9 %)
208
(19 %)
289
(27 %)
209
(19 %)
202
(19 %)
National political leaders 110
(10 %)
70
(6 %)
134
(12 %)
230
(21 %)
240
(22 %)
157
(14 %)
146
(13 %)
State political leaders 99
(9 %)
70
(6 %)
136
(13 %)
220
(20 %)
274
(25 %)
159
(15 %)
128
(12 %)
World Health Organisation 88
(8 %)
47
(4 %)
109
(10 %)
199
(18 %)
276
(25 %)
173
(16 %)
195
(18 %)

Wave 2

Wave 2: Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?
  Very low confidence 2 3 4 5 6 Very high confidence
Local or city health authority 54
(5 %)
38
(4 %)
215
(20 %)
278
(26 %)
323
(30 %)
100
(9 %)
71
(7 %)
State, province, or regional health
authority
32
(3 %)
25
(2 %)
140
(13 %)
216
(20 %)
395
(37 %)
158
(15 %)
114
(11 %)
National health authority 31
(3 %)
15
(1 %)
115
(11 %)
184
(17 %)
379
(35 %)
180
(17 %)
172
(16 %)
National political leaders 76
(7 %)
67
(6 %)
132
(12 %)
223
(21 %)
303
(28 %)
141
(13 %)
135
(13 %)
State political leaders 72
(7 %)
65
(6 %)
129
(12 %)
205
(19 %)
323
(30 %)
158
(15 %)
122
(11 %)
World Health Organisation 156
(14 %)
73
(7 %)
159
(15 %)
234
(22 %)
261
(24 %)
122
(11 %)
74
(7 %)

Wave 3

Wave 3: Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?
  Very low confidence 2 3 4 5 6 Very high confidence
Local or city health authority 95
(6 %)
72
(5 %)
361
(25 %)
387
(26 %)
382
(26 %)
100
(7 %)
70
(5 %)
State, province, or regional health
authority
48
(3 %)
58
(4 %)
186
(13 %)
362
(25 %)
484
(33 %)
188
(13 %)
142
(10 %)
National health authority 44
(3 %)
37
(3 %)
161
(11 %)
353
(24 %)
477
(33 %)
236
(16 %)
155
(11 %)
National political leaders 116
(8 %)
98
(7 %)
212
(14 %)
362
(25 %)
374
(25 %)
178
(12 %)
127
(9 %)
State political leaders 95
(6 %)
82
(6 %)
203
(14 %)
357
(24 %)
384
(26 %)
199
(14 %)
146
(10 %)
World Health Organisation 222
(15 %)
133
(9 %)
258
(18 %)
342
(23 %)
291
(20 %)
139
(9 %)
83
(6 %)

What are people worrying about?

Wave 1

Wave 2

Wave 3

Whose advice are people following?

Wave 1

In Wave 1, we asked respondents “How often do you take actions recommended by the following groups regarding COVID-19?”

Wave 2

In Wave 2 and onwards, we asked “Think back over the past 7 days. What are the sources of information that have most influenced your actions regarding COVID-19?”

Instead of asking respondents to rate every category, we asked them to select up to three.

Wave 3

In Wave 3 we asked “Think back over the past 7 days. What are the sources of information that have most influenced your actions regarding COVID-19?”

## info_need_w2_authority_websites [10]
  Not selected Selected
Commercial television stations 56 % 44 %
Government-funded television channels 61 % 39 %
Family and friends 70 % 30 %
Daily or weekly newspapers 81 % 19 %
Commercial online news 82 % 18 %
Sebackground-color:#eaeaea;h engines 83 % 17 %
Government-funded radio channels 88 % 12 %
Commercial radio stations 90 % 10 %
Government or health authority websites 92 % 8 %
Consultation with health care workers 92 % 8 %
Co-workers 93 % 7 %

Key findings - Wave 3

Prevalence of general behaviours

Here we plot activities that respondents have done over the past week.

Overview by day (plot)

Overview by day (table)

Wave 3: General behaviours in the past week
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Worked (past week) 88
(10 %)
43
(5 %)
69
(8 %)
98
(12 %)
96
(11 %)
385
(46 %)
33
(4 %)
30
(4 %)
Restaurant/cafe (past week) 662
(45 %)
395
(27 %)
225
(15 %)
67
(5 %)
62
(4 %)
38
(3 %)
6
(0 %)
18
(1 %)
Medical care (past week) 1092
(74 %)
235
(16 %)
66
(4 %)
42
(3 %)
15
(1 %)
15
(1 %)
4
(0 %)
5
(0 %)
Social contact with friends/family (past
week)
482
(33 %)
224
(15 %)
183
(12 %)
142
(10 %)
110
(7 %)
95
(6 %)
31
(2 %)
207
(14 %)
Bought goods/services (past week) 176
(12 %)
410
(28 %)
411
(28 %)
246
(17 %)
113
(8 %)
68
(5 %)
15
(1 %)
34
(2 %)
Public activities (past week) 1090
(74 %)
112
(8 %)
91
(6 %)
57
(4 %)
42
(3 %)
37
(3 %)
12
(1 %)
32
(2 %)
Public transport (past week) 1274
(88 %)
63
(4 %)
47
(3 %)
24
(2 %)
19
(1 %)
15
(1 %)
7
(0 %)
1
(0 %)
Active transport (past week) 1053
(73 %)
110
(8 %)
96
(7 %)
53
(4 %)
34
(2 %)
38
(3 %)
10
(1 %)
41
(3 %)
Private transport (past week) 317
(22 %)
289
(20 %)
294
(20 %)
168
(12 %)
124
(8 %)
127
(9 %)
51
(4 %)
89
(6 %)

Overview - Yes/No (plot)

Overview - Yes/No (table)

Wave 3: General behaviours in the past week
  No Yes
Public transport (past week) 1274
(88 %)
176
(12 %)
Private transport (past week) 317
(22 %)
1142
(78 %)
Active transport (past week) 1053
(73 %)
382
(27 %)
Worked (past week) 88
(10 %)
754
(90 %)
Restaurant/cafe (past week) 662
(45 %)
811
(55 %)
Medical care (past week) 1092
(74 %)
382
(26 %)
Social contact with friends/family (past
week)
482
(33 %)
992
(67 %)
Bought goods/services (past week) 176
(12 %)
1297
(88 %)
Public activities (past week) 1090
(74 %)
383
(26 %)

Predicting behaviours, risk perceptions, and intentions

Analysis note: respondents who answered Gender with “other” (n = 5), chronic condition with “don’t know” (n = 40)or lived in remote Australia (n = 9)were not included in this analysis due to insufficient number of responses.

The first three predictors in each model are confidence in authorities to minimise harm from COVID-19 (local health authority, state political leaders, and state health authority)

Protective behaviours

  Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water OR
alcohol-based hand sanitiser
Stay at home Keep physical distance from people in public,
school, or workplace
Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app when in public
Predictors std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p
Local or city health authority 0.12 0.05 – 0.19 0.001 0.08 0.01 – 0.15 0.026 0.04 -0.03 – 0.11 0.310 0.07 -0.01 – 0.15 0.085
State political leaders 0.02 -0.06 – 0.09 0.618 0.07 -0.01 – 0.14 0.084 0.01 -0.06 – 0.08 0.790 0.15 0.07 – 0.23 <0.001
State, province, or regional health authority -0.02 -0.11 – 0.06 0.601 -0.05 -0.14 – 0.04 0.284 0.09 0.00 – 0.18 0.042 -0.01 -0.11 – 0.08 0.821
gender: Male Reference Reference Reference Reference
gender: Female 0.17 0.06 – 0.27 0.003 0.10 -0.01 – 0.21 0.070 0.12 0.01 – 0.22 0.033 -0.01 -0.13 – 0.11 0.881
agegroup: 18-29 Reference Reference Reference Reference
agegroup: 30-39 0.08 -0.10 – 0.26 0.386 0.02 -0.16 – 0.20 0.805 0.14 -0.03 – 0.32 0.113 0.03 -0.16 – 0.22 0.761
agegroup: 40-49 0.10 -0.10 – 0.30 0.309 0.02 -0.18 – 0.23 0.814 0.25 0.05 – 0.44 0.015 0.00 -0.21 – 0.21 0.987
agegroup: 50-59 0.37 0.19 – 0.55 <0.001 -0.01 -0.20 – 0.17 0.906 0.57 0.39 – 0.75 <0.001 0.02 -0.18 – 0.22 0.862
agegroup: 60-69 0.44 0.25 – 0.63 <0.001 0.04 -0.15 – 0.23 0.696 0.59 0.40 – 0.79 <0.001 -0.02 -0.23 – 0.19 0.835
agegroup: 70-79 0.32 0.12 – 0.53 0.002 0.24 0.04 – 0.44 0.021 0.68 0.48 – 0.88 <0.001 0.23 0.00 – 0.45 0.047
agegroup: 80 and over 0.40 0.08 – 0.72 0.013 0.19 -0.13 – 0.51 0.235 0.80 0.48 – 1.11 <0.001 0.24 -0.13 – 0.62 0.209
education: Some high school Reference Reference Reference Reference
education: Completed high school -0.10 -0.32 – 0.12 0.356 0.07 -0.15 – 0.29 0.554 0.02 -0.20 – 0.24 0.855 -0.05 -0.29 – 0.20 0.715
education: Associate’s degree or technical
education
-0.01 -0.22 – 0.21 0.952 0.09 -0.13 – 0.30 0.427 -0.02 -0.23 – 0.20 0.890 -0.02 -0.26 – 0.22 0.884
education: Undergraduate degree -0.11 -0.33 – 0.10 0.294 0.06 -0.16 – 0.28 0.588 -0.02 -0.24 – 0.19 0.840 0.04 -0.19 – 0.28 0.715
education: Master’s degree -0.05 -0.30 – 0.20 0.681 0.14 -0.11 – 0.38 0.287 0.07 -0.17 – 0.32 0.552 0.15 -0.12 – 0.42 0.279
education: Doctorate 0.28 -0.19 – 0.74 0.248 -0.01 -0.48 – 0.47 0.979 0.23 -0.24 – 0.70 0.334 0.12 -0.40 – 0.64 0.642
chronic: Yes Reference Reference Reference Reference
chronic: No 0.04 -0.10 – 0.17 0.582 -0.14 -0.28 – -0.00 0.045 -0.04 -0.17 – 0.10 0.606 -0.06 -0.21 – 0.09 0.448
cald_lote: No, English only Reference Reference Reference Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify) 0.02 -0.13 – 0.17 0.782 0.28 0.13 – 0.43 <0.001 0.16 0.01 – 0.31 0.038 -0.12 -0.28 – 0.05 0.158
children: Yes Reference Reference Reference Reference
children: No -0.07 -0.22 – 0.07 0.330 -0.00 -0.15 – 0.15 0.961 -0.09 -0.24 – 0.06 0.228 -0.22 -0.38 – -0.06 0.007
region_aus_type: Major city Reference Reference Reference Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional 0.02 -0.14 – 0.18 0.848 -0.02 -0.18 – 0.14 0.782 -0.04 -0.19 – 0.12 0.650 -0.10 -0.28 – 0.08 0.283
region_aus_type: Outer regional -0.12 -0.43 – 0.19 0.441 -0.02 -0.34 – 0.29 0.878 0.21 -0.10 – 0.52 0.185 -0.10 -0.44 – 0.24 0.566
Observations 1391 1385 1356 1170
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.047 / 0.033 0.031 / 0.016 0.086 / 0.072 0.054 / 0.038

In person behaviours

  Worked in person (past week) Restaurant/cafe in person (past week) Medical care in person (past week) Social contact with friends/family in person (past
week)
Bought goods/services in person (past week) Public activities in person (past week)
Predictors Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p
Local or city health authority 0.01 -0.16 – 0.17 0.922 -0.06 -0.16 – 0.05 0.275 0.14 0.02 – 0.25 0.021 0.08 -0.02 – 0.18 0.126 0.00 -0.07 – 0.08 0.974 0.07 -0.15 – 0.29 0.547
State political leaders -0.10 -0.25 – 0.04 0.175 -0.01 -0.11 – 0.09 0.879 0.03 -0.07 – 0.14 0.548 -0.08 -0.18 – 0.02 0.118 -0.03 -0.10 – 0.04 0.416 0.02 -0.16 – 0.21 0.799
State, province, or regional health authority 0.02 -0.18 – 0.21 0.878 0.07 -0.06 – 0.19 0.312 -0.11 -0.25 – 0.03 0.109 -0.04 -0.17 – 0.10 0.589 0.02 -0.08 – 0.11 0.753 -0.13 -0.39 – 0.13 0.313
gender: Male Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
gender: Female -0.46 -0.79 – -0.13 0.007 -0.32 -0.54 – -0.11 0.003 -0.16 -0.41 – 0.09 0.213 -0.06 -0.28 – 0.17 0.615 -0.30 -0.47 – -0.14 <0.001 -0.26 -0.69 – 0.18 0.241
agegroup: 18-29 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
agegroup: 30-39 -0.06 -0.56 – 0.44 0.807 0.17 -0.16 – 0.50 0.311 -0.13 -0.57 – 0.32 0.573 -0.12 -0.50 – 0.25 0.524 0.01 -0.26 – 0.28 0.937 0.34 -0.34 – 1.02 0.325
agegroup: 40-49 -0.51 -1.06 – 0.05 0.075 -0.07 -0.45 – 0.32 0.736 -0.39 -0.87 – 0.08 0.106 -0.56 -0.99 – -0.13 0.010 -0.17 -0.47 – 0.13 0.272 0.28 -0.49 – 1.06 0.473
agegroup: 50-59 -0.11 -0.64 – 0.43 0.695 -0.14 -0.51 – 0.23 0.460 -0.46 -0.94 – 0.02 0.060 -0.50 -0.87 – -0.12 0.010 0.10 -0.17 – 0.38 0.464 0.45 -0.33 – 1.24 0.258
agegroup: 60-69 0.10 -0.61 – 0.80 0.785 -0.43 -0.81 – -0.04 0.030 -0.68 -1.15 – -0.22 0.004 -0.33 -0.73 – 0.06 0.097 0.14 -0.15 – 0.43 0.339 0.29 -0.51 – 1.08 0.477
agegroup: 70-79 -0.56 -1.59 – 0.48 0.291 -0.30 -0.75 – 0.15 0.193 -0.49 -0.97 – -0.00 0.049 -0.39 -0.80 – 0.01 0.058 -0.06 -0.36 – 0.25 0.713 0.20 -0.57 – 0.98 0.605
agegroup: 80 and over -2.14 -6.40 – 2.11 0.323 -0.89 -1.67 – -0.12 0.024 -0.20 -0.82 – 0.43 0.534 -0.16 -0.78 – 0.47 0.623 -0.24 -0.74 – 0.26 0.348 -0.89 -2.47 – 0.69 0.267
education: Some high school Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
education: Completed high school -0.30 -1.27 – 0.67 0.542 0.04 -0.44 – 0.53 0.858 -0.31 -0.88 – 0.25 0.278 -0.29 -0.76 – 0.17 0.217 0.01 -0.32 – 0.34 0.960 -0.19 -1.20 – 0.81 0.708
education: Associate’s degree or technical
education
-0.96 -1.91 – -0.01 0.048 -0.06 -0.54 – 0.41 0.793 0.08 -0.48 – 0.65 0.779 -0.06 -0.52 – 0.40 0.797 0.08 -0.24 – 0.40 0.630 -0.42 -1.38 – 0.54 0.388
education: Undergraduate degree -1.29 -2.23 – -0.36 0.007 -0.02 -0.49 – 0.45 0.930 -0.03 -0.61 – 0.54 0.909 -0.09 -0.55 – 0.36 0.682 0.04 -0.28 – 0.37 0.787 -0.02 -0.97 – 0.93 0.973
education: Master’s degree -1.54 -2.53 – -0.56 0.002 0.24 -0.30 – 0.78 0.387 0.28 -0.38 – 0.94 0.408 -0.09 -0.64 – 0.45 0.732 -0.07 -0.44 – 0.31 0.726 0.48 -0.57 – 1.53 0.371
education: Doctorate -1.63 -3.08 – -0.18 0.028 -0.26 -1.31 – 0.79 0.629 -0.75 -1.90 – 0.41 0.203 0.37 -0.68 – 1.41 0.488 0.38 -0.33 – 1.10 0.289 3.31 0.74 – 5.89 0.012
chronic: Yes Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
chronic: No -0.12 -0.67 – 0.42 0.655 0.18 -0.11 – 0.46 0.221 0.15 -0.12 – 0.43 0.280 -0.32 -0.60 – -0.04 0.025 -0.13 -0.34 – 0.07 0.203 0.04 -0.52 – 0.59 0.891
cald_lote: No, English only Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify) -0.00 -0.44 – 0.43 0.983 -0.27 -0.57 – 0.03 0.075 -0.47 -0.89 – -0.05 0.029 -0.28 -0.61 – 0.04 0.089 -0.23 -0.46 – -0.00 0.049 -0.49 -1.12 – 0.14 0.129
children: Yes Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
children: No -0.28 -0.68 – 0.13 0.187 0.02 -0.27 – 0.30 0.915 -0.10 -0.46 – 0.25 0.574 -0.11 -0.43 – 0.21 0.514 -0.22 -0.45 – 0.00 0.054 0.67 0.10 – 1.24 0.022
region_aus_type: Major city Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional 0.41 -0.14 – 0.96 0.144 -0.09 -0.42 – 0.24 0.611 -0.36 -0.73 – 0.01 0.058 -0.12 -0.46 – 0.21 0.470 0.05 -0.20 – 0.29 0.693 -0.01 -0.76 – 0.75 0.986
region_aus_type: Outer regional 1.07 -0.24 – 2.38 0.110 0.01 -0.68 – 0.71 0.968 -0.33 -1.04 – 0.38 0.360 -0.21 -0.97 – 0.54 0.578 -0.17 -0.64 – 0.29 0.464 -1.16 -2.86 – 0.53 0.177
Observations 685 745 346 904 1215 357
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.073 / 0.045 0.048 / 0.022 0.155 / 0.103 0.031 / 0.009 0.028 / 0.011 0.076 / 0.021

Risk perceptions

  Worked risk Restaurant/cafe risk Medical care risk Social contact with friends/family risk Bought goods/services risk Public activities risk
Predictors std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p
Local or city health authority -0.09 -0.18 – 0.01 0.067 0.03 -0.04 – 0.11 0.343 -0.07 -0.14 – 0.00 0.060 -0.03 -0.10 – 0.04 0.465 -0.05 -0.12 – 0.02 0.158 -0.08 -0.15 – -0.01 0.034
State political leaders -0.05 -0.15 – 0.04 0.284 0.08 0.00 – 0.15 0.042 0.09 0.02 – 0.17 0.015 0.12 0.05 – 0.19 0.001 0.10 0.02 – 0.17 0.010 0.06 -0.01 – 0.13 0.110
State, province, or regional health authority 0.22 0.10 – 0.33 <0.001 -0.02 -0.11 – 0.07 0.688 -0.02 -0.10 – 0.07 0.725 0.05 -0.04 – 0.13 0.293 0.02 -0.07 – 0.11 0.617 0.10 0.02 – 0.19 0.020
gender: Male Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
gender: Female 0.18 0.04 – 0.32 0.014 0.10 -0.01 – 0.21 0.071 0.19 0.08 – 0.29 0.001 0.23 0.13 – 0.34 <0.001 0.17 0.07 – 0.28 0.001 0.15 0.05 – 0.26 0.005
agegroup: 18-29 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
agegroup: 30-39 0.11 -0.10 – 0.32 0.298 0.31 0.13 – 0.48 0.001 0.12 -0.06 – 0.30 0.184 0.08 -0.10 – 0.26 0.367 0.12 -0.06 – 0.30 0.186 0.13 -0.05 – 0.30 0.153
agegroup: 40-49 -0.00 -0.24 – 0.23 0.983 0.17 -0.03 – 0.37 0.101 -0.02 -0.22 – 0.18 0.839 0.01 -0.18 – 0.21 0.898 -0.02 -0.22 – 0.18 0.859 -0.04 -0.24 – 0.16 0.706
agegroup: 50-59 -0.15 -0.38 – 0.08 0.204 0.24 0.05 – 0.42 0.012 -0.02 -0.20 – 0.16 0.848 0.12 -0.06 – 0.30 0.198 0.07 -0.12 – 0.25 0.480 0.12 -0.06 – 0.30 0.207
agegroup: 60-69 -0.20 -0.49 – 0.09 0.167 0.23 0.04 – 0.42 0.019 -0.06 -0.25 – 0.13 0.514 0.08 -0.10 – 0.27 0.380 0.03 -0.16 – 0.22 0.732 0.11 -0.08 – 0.30 0.250
agegroup: 70-79 -0.11 -0.53 – 0.30 0.591 0.31 0.11 – 0.51 0.003 -0.27 -0.47 – -0.07 0.008 -0.02 -0.22 – 0.17 0.816 0.07 -0.13 – 0.27 0.511 0.15 -0.05 – 0.35 0.143
agegroup: 80 and over 0.01 -1.37 – 1.39 0.985 0.52 0.20 – 0.84 0.001 -0.10 -0.41 – 0.22 0.551 0.10 -0.21 – 0.42 0.526 0.09 -0.23 – 0.41 0.579 0.27 -0.05 – 0.58 0.096
education: Some high school Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
education: Completed high school 0.24 -0.15 – 0.64 0.228 0.04 -0.18 – 0.26 0.725 0.18 -0.04 – 0.40 0.100 0.14 -0.07 – 0.36 0.190 0.07 -0.15 – 0.29 0.507 0.02 -0.20 – 0.23 0.869
education: Associate’s degree or technical
education
0.31 -0.08 – 0.70 0.115 0.02 -0.19 – 0.23 0.845 0.19 -0.02 – 0.41 0.074 0.15 -0.06 – 0.36 0.156 0.08 -0.13 – 0.30 0.455 0.16 -0.05 – 0.37 0.141
education: Undergraduate degree 0.31 -0.07 – 0.70 0.106 0.02 -0.19 – 0.23 0.855 0.17 -0.05 – 0.38 0.128 0.19 -0.02 – 0.40 0.084 0.04 -0.17 – 0.25 0.717 0.12 -0.09 – 0.33 0.274
education: Master’s degree 0.35 -0.06 – 0.76 0.092 0.09 -0.15 – 0.34 0.461 0.06 -0.19 – 0.30 0.639 0.19 -0.06 – 0.43 0.136 -0.07 -0.32 – 0.18 0.584 0.10 -0.14 – 0.34 0.420
education: Doctorate 0.57 -0.04 – 1.18 0.065 -0.17 -0.64 – 0.29 0.468 0.17 -0.30 – 0.64 0.478 0.33 -0.14 – 0.79 0.168 0.02 -0.44 – 0.49 0.917 0.39 -0.08 – 0.85 0.103
chronic: Yes Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
chronic: No -0.11 -0.33 – 0.11 0.335 -0.22 -0.36 – -0.09 0.001 -0.12 -0.26 – 0.01 0.073 -0.24 -0.37 – -0.10 <0.001 -0.26 -0.40 – -0.13 <0.001 -0.26 -0.39 – -0.13 <0.001
cald_lote: No, English only Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify) 0.11 -0.08 – 0.29 0.248 0.31 0.16 – 0.46 <0.001 0.26 0.11 – 0.41 0.001 0.24 0.10 – 0.39 0.001 0.27 0.13 – 0.42 <0.001 0.35 0.21 – 0.50 <0.001
children: Yes Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
children: No -0.13 -0.30 – 0.05 0.156 -0.09 -0.23 – 0.06 0.246 -0.11 -0.25 – 0.04 0.151 -0.16 -0.30 – -0.01 0.034 -0.18 -0.32 – -0.03 0.020 -0.20 -0.35 – -0.05 0.008
region_aus_type: Major city Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional -0.01 -0.24 – 0.23 0.953 -0.01 -0.17 – 0.15 0.868 0.01 -0.14 – 0.17 0.860 0.09 -0.07 – 0.25 0.271 -0.02 -0.18 – 0.14 0.769 -0.01 -0.16 – 0.15 0.939
region_aus_type: Outer regional 0.28 -0.25 – 0.81 0.294 0.05 -0.25 – 0.36 0.738 -0.08 -0.39 – 0.23 0.611 -0.01 -0.31 – 0.30 0.958 -0.08 -0.39 – 0.23 0.607 -0.03 -0.33 – 0.28 0.861
Observations 799 1397 1398 1396 1394 1400
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.060 / 0.036 0.049 / 0.035 0.053 / 0.039 0.066 / 0.052 0.047 / 0.033 0.063 / 0.049

Intentions

  Work (intentions) Restaurant/cafe (intentions) Medical care (intentions) Social contact with friends/family (intentions) Buy goods/services (intentions) Public activities (intentions)
Predictors Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p
Local or city health authority -0.08 -0.21 – 0.06 0.254 -0.04 -0.11 – 0.03 0.247 0.10 0.05 – 0.16 <0.001 -0.03 -0.14 – 0.09 0.639 0.04 -0.04 – 0.11 0.355 0.11 0.02 – 0.20 0.012
State political leaders 0.03 -0.09 – 0.15 0.661 0.07 0.00 – 0.14 0.039 0.08 0.03 – 0.13 0.001 0.16 0.06 – 0.27 0.003 0.06 -0.01 – 0.13 0.071 0.05 -0.03 – 0.13 0.186
State, province, or regional health authority -0.00 -0.16 – 0.16 0.995 -0.03 -0.12 – 0.06 0.548 -0.14 -0.21 – -0.07 <0.001 -0.08 -0.22 – 0.06 0.261 -0.12 -0.22 – -0.03 0.012 -0.13 -0.24 – -0.02 0.018
gender: Male Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
gender: Female -0.22 -0.50 – 0.06 0.120 -0.31 -0.46 – -0.16 <0.001 -0.09 -0.21 – 0.02 0.118 0.41 0.17 – 0.65 0.001 -0.19 -0.35 – -0.03 0.021 -0.15 -0.33 – 0.03 0.107
agegroup: 18-29 Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
agegroup: 30-39 0.02 -0.39 – 0.44 0.910 -0.19 -0.44 – 0.06 0.138 0.08 -0.11 – 0.27 0.428 -0.74 -1.14 – -0.33 <0.001 -0.02 -0.29 – 0.24 0.855 -0.12 -0.43 – 0.18 0.425
agegroup: 40-49 -0.08 -0.54 – 0.38 0.741 -0.58 -0.86 – -0.29 <0.001 -0.21 -0.42 – 0.00 0.054 -0.81 -1.26 – -0.36 <0.001 -0.20 -0.50 – 0.10 0.191 -0.32 -0.66 – 0.02 0.069
agegroup: 50-59 0.19 -0.25 – 0.64 0.391 -0.82 -1.08 – -0.56 <0.001 -0.18 -0.37 – 0.02 0.078 -0.39 -0.80 – 0.03 0.066 0.08 -0.20 – 0.35 0.582 -0.42 -0.73 – -0.10 0.009
agegroup: 60-69 -0.22 -0.79 – 0.34 0.437 -0.94 -1.21 – -0.67 <0.001 -0.25 -0.46 – -0.04 0.017 -0.14 -0.57 – 0.29 0.517 0.14 -0.14 – 0.43 0.332 -0.24 -0.57 – 0.08 0.144
agegroup: 70-79 -0.73 -1.54 – 0.08 0.078 -1.15 -1.44 – -0.87 <0.001 -0.09 -0.30 – 0.13 0.427 -0.19 -0.64 – 0.26 0.416 -0.08 -0.38 – 0.22 0.614 -0.19 -0.53 – 0.15 0.269
agegroup: 80 and over 0.15 -2.54 – 2.85 0.911 -1.25 -1.70 – -0.79 <0.001 0.17 -0.17 – 0.51 0.325 0.03 -0.68 – 0.75 0.926 -0.21 -0.69 – 0.26 0.383 -0.62 -1.17 – -0.08 0.024
education: Some high school Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
education: Completed high school -0.38 -1.16 – 0.39 0.332 -0.19 -0.50 – 0.12 0.229 0.11 -0.13 – 0.34 0.362 0.51 0.02 – 1.00 0.043 0.08 -0.24 – 0.41 0.620 -0.26 -0.63 – 0.11 0.172
education: Associate’s degree or technical
education
-0.30 -1.06 – 0.46 0.437 -0.12 -0.42 – 0.19 0.449 0.14 -0.09 – 0.37 0.229 0.38 -0.10 – 0.86 0.125 0.13 -0.19 – 0.45 0.416 -0.09 -0.45 – 0.28 0.638
education: Undergraduate degree 0.04 -0.71 – 0.78 0.925 -0.13 -0.44 – 0.17 0.394 0.18 -0.05 – 0.41 0.121 0.61 0.13 – 1.09 0.013 0.25 -0.07 – 0.57 0.130 -0.03 -0.39 – 0.34 0.876
education: Master’s degree -0.09 -0.89 – 0.70 0.819 -0.08 -0.43 – 0.27 0.656 0.27 0.00 – 0.53 0.048 0.53 -0.03 – 1.08 0.064 0.10 -0.27 – 0.47 0.600 0.19 -0.23 – 0.61 0.368
education: Doctorate 0.50 -0.69 – 1.68 0.413 -0.33 -0.99 – 0.34 0.337 0.03 -0.47 – 0.54 0.892 1.22 0.17 – 2.28 0.023 0.39 -0.31 – 1.09 0.278 0.05 -0.75 – 0.85 0.905
chronic: Yes Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
chronic: No 0.43 -0.01 – 0.86 0.053 0.03 -0.16 – 0.22 0.737 -0.47 -0.61 – -0.32 <0.001 -0.04 -0.34 – 0.26 0.796 -0.05 -0.25 – 0.16 0.655 0.09 -0.13 – 0.32 0.419
cald_lote: No, English only Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify) -0.10 -0.46 – 0.26 0.577 -0.24 -0.46 – -0.03 0.023 -0.28 -0.44 – -0.12 0.001 -0.13 -0.47 – 0.20 0.431 -0.13 -0.35 – 0.09 0.255 -0.31 -0.57 – -0.06 0.015
children: Yes Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
children: No 0.00 -0.34 – 0.35 0.980 -0.06 -0.27 – 0.15 0.556 -0.17 -0.33 – -0.01 0.038 0.11 -0.22 – 0.44 0.520 -0.15 -0.38 – 0.07 0.171 0.08 -0.18 – 0.33 0.555
region_aus_type: Major city Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional 0.40 -0.06 – 0.85 0.088 -0.01 -0.24 – 0.21 0.909 -0.14 -0.31 – 0.03 0.102 0.12 -0.24 – 0.49 0.503 -0.19 -0.42 – 0.05 0.130 -0.21 -0.49 – 0.06 0.127
region_aus_type: Outer regional -0.20 -1.23 – 0.84 0.706 -0.39 -0.83 – 0.04 0.078 -0.27 -0.60 – 0.06 0.105 -0.67 -1.37 – 0.02 0.057 -0.38 -0.84 – 0.08 0.102 -0.68 -1.21 – -0.16 0.011
Observations 800 1399 1400 1398 1399 1400
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.031 / 0.006 0.091 / 0.078 0.068 / 0.055 0.048 / 0.034 0.020 / 0.006 0.033 / 0.019

Transport modes

Transport mode - behaviour

  Public transport (past week) Private transport (past week) Active transport (past week)
Predictors Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p
Local or city health authority 0.06 0.01 – 0.11 0.019 -0.06 -0.17 – 0.04 0.230 0.04 -0.05 – 0.12 0.380
State political leaders 0.04 -0.00 – 0.09 0.051 -0.08 -0.18 – 0.02 0.117 0.07 -0.01 – 0.14 0.091
State, province, or regional health authority -0.06 -0.12 – 0.00 0.056 0.12 -0.02 – 0.25 0.087 -0.04 -0.15 – 0.06 0.422
gender: Male Reference Reference Reference
gender: Female -0.11 -0.21 – -0.01 0.034 -0.16 -0.38 – 0.07 0.169 -0.26 -0.43 – -0.08 0.005
agegroup: 18-29 Reference Reference Reference
agegroup: 30-39 -0.06 -0.23 – 0.11 0.470 -0.05 -0.42 – 0.33 0.807 -0.04 -0.34 – 0.25 0.780
agegroup: 40-49 -0.30 -0.49 – -0.11 0.002 -0.06 -0.47 – 0.36 0.786 -0.56 -0.89 – -0.23 0.001
agegroup: 50-59 -0.34 -0.52 – -0.17 <0.001 0.46 0.08 – 0.84 0.019 -0.42 -0.73 – -0.12 0.006
agegroup: 60-69 -0.32 -0.51 – -0.14 0.001 0.06 -0.34 – 0.46 0.764 -0.33 -0.64 – -0.01 0.044
agegroup: 70-79 -0.36 -0.55 – -0.16 <0.001 -0.22 -0.64 – 0.20 0.305 -0.50 -0.83 – -0.17 0.003
agegroup: 80 and over -0.46 -0.78 – -0.15 0.004 -0.49 -1.15 – 0.17 0.143 -0.45 -1.00 – 0.10 0.109
education: Some high school Reference Reference Reference
education: Completed high school -0.14 -0.35 – 0.07 0.187 0.08 -0.38 – 0.53 0.741 -0.04 -0.41 – 0.33 0.831
education: Associate’s degree or technical
education
-0.17 -0.38 – 0.03 0.103 0.25 -0.20 – 0.70 0.271 -0.01 -0.37 – 0.35 0.952
education: Undergraduate degree -0.17 -0.37 – 0.04 0.114 0.23 -0.21 – 0.68 0.309 0.06 -0.30 – 0.42 0.762
education: Master’s degree 0.05 -0.18 – 0.29 0.665 0.12 -0.40 – 0.63 0.656 0.10 -0.31 – 0.51 0.635
education: Doctorate -0.34 -0.79 – 0.11 0.142 -0.48 -1.47 – 0.52 0.346 1.16 0.37 – 1.95 0.004
chronic: Yes Reference Reference Reference
chronic: No -0.01 -0.14 – 0.12 0.891 0.16 -0.12 – 0.44 0.271 0.15 -0.07 – 0.38 0.179
cald_lote: No, English only Reference Reference Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify) -0.11 -0.25 – 0.04 0.143 -0.23 -0.54 – 0.08 0.152 -0.27 -0.52 – -0.02 0.033
children: Yes Reference Reference Reference
children: No -0.09 -0.23 – 0.05 0.220 -0.47 -0.78 – -0.16 0.003 0.14 -0.10 – 0.39 0.258
region_aus_type: Major city Reference Reference Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional -0.10 -0.26 – 0.05 0.187 0.30 -0.03 – 0.64 0.076 -0.22 -0.49 – 0.05 0.106
region_aus_type: Outer regional -0.28 -0.58 – 0.01 0.062 0.53 -0.10 – 1.17 0.101 -0.21 -0.72 – 0.30 0.411
Observations 1378 1387 1364
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.052 / 0.038 0.031 / 0.017 0.044 / 0.030

Transport mode - risk

  Public transport risk Private transport risk Active transport risk
Predictors std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p std. Beta standardized CI p
Local or city health authority -0.13 -0.20 – -0.06 <0.001 0.05 -0.02 – 0.12 0.182 0.01 -0.06 – 0.09 0.688
State political leaders 0.06 -0.02 – 0.13 0.131 0.03 -0.04 – 0.11 0.366 0.08 0.01 – 0.16 0.030
State, province, or regional health authority 0.12 0.03 – 0.21 0.008 -0.05 -0.14 – 0.04 0.255 -0.07 -0.16 – 0.02 0.140
gender: Male Reference Reference Reference
gender: Female 0.27 0.16 – 0.38 <0.001 -0.02 -0.13 – 0.09 0.680 0.12 0.02 – 0.23 0.025
agegroup: 18-29 Reference Reference Reference
agegroup: 30-39 0.13 -0.05 – 0.31 0.168 0.09 -0.10 – 0.27 0.356 0.18 0.00 – 0.37 0.050
agegroup: 40-49 0.05 -0.15 – 0.25 0.639 -0.17 -0.37 – 0.04 0.110 -0.05 -0.25 – 0.16 0.648
agegroup: 50-59 0.07 -0.11 – 0.26 0.439 -0.22 -0.41 – -0.03 0.022 -0.03 -0.22 – 0.16 0.762
agegroup: 60-69 0.14 -0.05 – 0.34 0.143 -0.30 -0.49 – -0.10 0.003 0.01 -0.18 – 0.21 0.891
agegroup: 70-79 0.15 -0.05 – 0.35 0.144 -0.23 -0.44 – -0.03 0.025 0.25 0.04 – 0.45 0.019
agegroup: 80 and over 0.14 -0.18 – 0.46 0.393 -0.11 -0.43 – 0.21 0.515 0.43 0.11 – 0.76 0.009
education: Some high school Reference Reference Reference
education: Completed high school 0.16 -0.06 – 0.38 0.144 0.01 -0.21 – 0.24 0.900 0.03 -0.19 – 0.25 0.807
education: Associate’s degree or technical
education
0.24 0.03 – 0.46 0.026 -0.04 -0.26 – 0.17 0.684 0.14 -0.08 – 0.35 0.222
education: Undergraduate degree 0.19 -0.03 – 0.40 0.085 0.02 -0.20 – 0.24 0.847 0.06 -0.16 – 0.27 0.608
education: Master’s degree 0.12 -0.13 – 0.37 0.340 0.06 -0.19 – 0.31 0.640 0.08 -0.17 – 0.33 0.548
education: Doctorate 0.56 0.09 – 1.02 0.019 0.09 -0.39 – 0.57 0.722 -0.03 -0.50 – 0.44 0.911
chronic: Yes Reference Reference Reference
chronic: No -0.12 -0.26 – 0.01 0.079 -0.18 -0.32 – -0.04 0.010 -0.20 -0.33 – -0.06 0.005
cald_lote: No, English only Reference Reference Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify) 0.28 0.13 – 0.43 <0.001 0.06 -0.09 – 0.21 0.434 0.23 0.08 – 0.38 0.003
children: Yes Reference Reference Reference
children: No -0.19 -0.34 – -0.04 0.012 -0.04 -0.20 – 0.11 0.576 -0.24 -0.39 – -0.09 0.002
region_aus_type: Major city Reference Reference Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional 0.06 -0.10 – 0.23 0.442 -0.13 -0.30 – 0.03 0.116 -0.08 -0.24 – 0.09 0.366
region_aus_type: Outer regional 0.17 -0.14 – 0.48 0.272 -0.47 -0.78 – -0.16 0.003 -0.08 -0.39 – 0.23 0.623
Observations 1346 1350 1344
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.063 / 0.049 0.038 / 0.024 0.046 / 0.032

Transport mode - intentions

  Public transport (intentions) Private transport (intentions) Active transport (intentions)
Predictors Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p Estimates 95% CI p
Local or city health authority 0.07 0.02 – 0.12 0.008 -0.08 -0.19 – 0.02 0.132 0.04 -0.05 – 0.13 0.338
State political leaders 0.07 0.02 – 0.11 0.004 -0.02 -0.12 – 0.08 0.724 0.04 -0.04 – 0.12 0.321
State, province, or regional health authority -0.10 -0.16 – -0.03 0.003 0.09 -0.04 – 0.23 0.165 -0.03 -0.15 – 0.08 0.548
gender: Male Reference Reference Reference
gender: Female -0.14 -0.24 – -0.03 0.013 -0.18 -0.41 – 0.05 0.118 -0.22 -0.41 – -0.03 0.024
agegroup: 18-29 Reference Reference Reference
agegroup: 30-39 -0.02 -0.20 – 0.15 0.787 -0.04 -0.42 – 0.33 0.823 -0.27 -0.58 – 0.05 0.094
agegroup: 40-49 -0.29 -0.48 – -0.09 0.005 0.07 -0.36 – 0.49 0.759 -0.61 -0.96 – -0.26 0.001
agegroup: 50-59 -0.39 -0.57 – -0.20 <0.001 0.26 -0.13 – 0.65 0.185 -0.49 -0.81 – -0.17 0.003
agegroup: 60-69 -0.38 -0.57 – -0.19 <0.001 0.07 -0.33 – 0.48 0.727 -0.51 -0.84 – -0.17 0.003
agegroup: 70-79 -0.43 -0.63 – -0.23 <0.001 -0.19 -0.62 – 0.23 0.370 -0.50 -0.85 – -0.14 0.006
agegroup: 80 and over -0.30 -0.63 – 0.02 0.066 -0.58 -1.26 – 0.10 0.095 -0.59 -1.16 – -0.01 0.045
education: Some high school Reference Reference Reference
education: Completed high school -0.17 -0.39 – 0.05 0.131 -0.05 -0.52 – 0.41 0.818 0.09 -0.30 – 0.47 0.660
education: Associate’s degree or technical
education
-0.09 -0.30 – 0.12 0.411 0.07 -0.38 – 0.53 0.752 0.01 -0.37 – 0.39 0.943
education: Undergraduate degree -0.08 -0.29 – 0.14 0.488 0.13 -0.32 – 0.58 0.573 0.15 -0.23 – 0.53 0.428
education: Master’s degree 0.19 -0.05 – 0.44 0.124 -0.03 -0.55 – 0.50 0.915 0.21 -0.23 – 0.65 0.347
education: Doctorate -0.22 -0.68 – 0.25 0.358 -0.94 -1.95 – 0.07 0.067 1.12 0.29 – 1.95 0.008
chronic: Yes Reference Reference Reference
chronic: No -0.00 -0.14 – 0.13 0.965 0.20 -0.08 – 0.49 0.162 0.11 -0.12 – 0.35 0.352
cald_lote: No, English only Reference Reference Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify) -0.21 -0.36 – -0.07 0.005 -0.15 -0.46 – 0.17 0.361 -0.21 -0.47 – 0.06 0.122
children: Yes Reference Reference Reference
children: No -0.01 -0.16 – 0.14 0.896 -0.48 -0.79 – -0.17 0.003 0.10 -0.16 – 0.36 0.460
region_aus_type: Major city Reference Reference Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional -0.10 -0.26 – 0.06 0.218 0.27 -0.07 – 0.61 0.118 -0.19 -0.47 – 0.09 0.184
region_aus_type: Outer regional -0.28 -0.58 – 0.03 0.076 0.49 -0.16 – 1.14 0.139 -0.33 -0.87 – 0.21 0.226
Observations 1376 1382 1369
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.067 / 0.053 0.029 / 0.014 0.036 / 0.022

Mode of attendance: in-person and remote

Days across sample by activity and attendance mode
Activity Total days Total respondents
active_w3_pastwk_beh 1134 1435
activities_w3_pastwk_beh 1114 1473
activities_w3_pastwk_inperson 916 377
activities_w3_pastwk_remote 552 354
cafe_w3_pastwk_beh 1646 1473
cafe_w3_pastwk_inperson 1194 788
cafe_w3_pastwk_remote 641 750
medical_w3_pastwk_beh 687 1474
medical_w3_pastwk_inperson 484 367
medical_w3_pastwk_remote 377 349
private_w3_pastwk_beh 3441 1459
public_w3_pastwk_beh 429 1450
shopping_w3_pastwk_beh 3090 1473
shopping_w3_pastwk_inperson 2595 1277
shopping_w3_pastwk_remote 923 1207
socialise_w3_pastwk_beh 3566 1474
socialise_w3_pastwk_inperson 1391 952
socialise_w3_pastwk_remote 3012 941
work_w3_pastwk_beh 3192 842
work_w3_pastwk_inperson 1636 717
work_w3_pastwk_remote 1779 713

Perceived risk

The stem for all behaviours was:

Considering the COVID-19 situation, how risky is it to [do behaviour] in person?

The response scale was 1, not at all risky, to 7, extremely risky.

Risk ratings of activities

Risk and behaviour correlation

Correlation is calculated between number of days reported doing the activity and the perceived risk of doing the activitiy.

Correlation between behaviour (days/past week) and perceived risk
  Worked (past week) Restaurant/cafe (past week) Medical care (past week) Social contact with friends/family (past
week)
Bought goods/services (past week) Public activities (past week) Public transport (past week) Active transport (past week) Private transport (past week) Worked risk Restaurant/cafe risk Medical care risk Social contact with friends/family risk Bought goods/services risk Public activities risk Public transport risk Active transport risk Private transport risk
Worked (past week)   0.068 -0.013 0.081* 0.119*** 0.097** 0.009 0.086* 0.182*** -0.096** -0.059 -0.120*** -0.074* -0.058 -0.034 -0.014 -0.060 -0.086*
Restaurant/cafe (past week) 0.068   0.261*** 0.158*** 0.306*** 0.233*** 0.239*** 0.245*** 0.136*** 0.026 -0.180*** -0.021 -0.072* -0.046 -0.084* -0.106** -0.034 0.067
Medical care (past week) -0.013 0.261***   0.167*** 0.262*** 0.415*** 0.358*** 0.177*** 0.050 0.073* 0.096** 0.077* 0.025 0.072* 0.002 -0.019 0.174*** 0.246***
Social contact with friends/family (past
week)
0.081* 0.158*** 0.167***   0.194*** 0.141*** 0.074* 0.159*** 0.156*** 0.040 -0.112** -0.047 -0.093** 0.015 -0.049 -0.002 -0.130*** -0.068
Bought goods/services (past week) 0.119*** 0.306*** 0.262*** 0.194***   0.211*** 0.144*** 0.249*** 0.238*** -0.001 -0.051 -0.012 -0.027 -0.019 -0.049 -0.065 -0.039 -0.042
Public activities (past week) 0.097** 0.233*** 0.415*** 0.141*** 0.211***   0.210*** 0.275*** 0.015 -0.037 -0.064 -0.023 -0.105** -0.041 -0.236*** -0.150*** -0.046 0.097**
Public transport (past week) 0.009 0.239*** 0.358*** 0.074* 0.144*** 0.210***   0.416*** -0.002 0.096** 0.097** 0.062 0.065 0.057 0.049 -0.073* 0.042 0.276***
Active transport (past week) 0.086* 0.245*** 0.177*** 0.159*** 0.249*** 0.275*** 0.416***   0.036 -0.086* -0.095** -0.106** -0.074* -0.113** -0.092* -0.090* -0.162*** 0.083*
Private transport (past week) 0.182*** 0.136*** 0.050 0.156*** 0.238*** 0.015 -0.002 0.036   -0.098** -0.096** -0.083* -0.093** -0.034 -0.094** 0.015 -0.087* -0.284***
Worked risk -0.096** 0.026 0.073* 0.040 -0.001 -0.037 0.096** -0.086* -0.098**   0.410*** 0.417*** 0.480*** 0.514*** 0.494*** 0.352*** 0.270*** 0.239***
Restaurant/cafe risk -0.059 -0.180*** 0.096** -0.112** -0.051 -0.064 0.097** -0.095** -0.096** 0.410***   0.500*** 0.566*** 0.624*** 0.553*** 0.431*** 0.418*** 0.267***
Medical care risk -0.120*** -0.021 0.077* -0.047 -0.012 -0.023 0.062 -0.106** -0.083* 0.417*** 0.500***   0.502*** 0.523*** 0.445*** 0.409*** 0.346*** 0.271***
Social contact with friends/family risk -0.074* -0.072* 0.025 -0.093** -0.027 -0.105** 0.065 -0.074* -0.093** 0.480*** 0.566*** 0.502***   0.582*** 0.587*** 0.425*** 0.328*** 0.294***
Bought goods/services risk -0.058 -0.046 0.072* 0.015 -0.019 -0.041 0.057 -0.113** -0.034 0.514*** 0.624*** 0.523*** 0.582***   0.592*** 0.488*** 0.371*** 0.239***
Public activities risk -0.034 -0.084* 0.002 -0.049 -0.049 -0.236*** 0.049 -0.092* -0.094** 0.494*** 0.553*** 0.445*** 0.587*** 0.592***   0.513*** 0.380*** 0.214***
Public transport risk -0.014 -0.106** -0.019 -0.002 -0.065 -0.150*** -0.073* -0.090* 0.015 0.352*** 0.431*** 0.409*** 0.425*** 0.488*** 0.513***   0.455*** 0.100**
Active transport risk -0.060 -0.034 0.174*** -0.130*** -0.039 -0.046 0.042 -0.162*** -0.087* 0.270*** 0.418*** 0.346*** 0.328*** 0.371*** 0.380*** 0.455***   0.358***
Private transport risk -0.086* 0.067 0.246*** -0.068 -0.042 0.097** 0.276*** 0.083* -0.284*** 0.239*** 0.267*** 0.271*** 0.294*** 0.239*** 0.214*** 0.100** 0.358***  
Computed correlation used pearson-method with listwise-deletion.

Risk and intention correlation

Correlation is calculated between number of days a person intended to the the activity (either remotely or in person) and the perceived risk of doing the activitiy.

Correlation between intentions (days/next week) and perceived risk
  Work (intentions) Restaurant/cafe (intentions) Medical care (intentions) Social contact with friends/family
(intentions)
Buy goods/services (intentions) Public activities (intentions) Public transport (intentions) Active transport (intentions) Private transport (intentions) Worked risk Restaurant/cafe risk Medical care risk Social contact with friends/family risk Bought goods/services risk Public activities risk Public transport risk Active transport risk Private transport risk
Work (intentions)   0.084* 0.010 0.095** 0.124*** 0.120*** 0.012 0.071* 0.174*** -0.090* -0.047 -0.099** -0.081* -0.021 -0.022 -0.004 -0.040 -0.097**
Restaurant/cafe (intentions) 0.084*   0.360*** 0.236*** 0.374*** 0.328*** 0.330*** 0.277*** 0.145*** 0.019 -0.156*** -0.025 -0.072* -0.063 -0.111** -0.136*** -0.033 0.049
Medical care (intentions) 0.010 0.360***   0.140*** 0.260*** 0.365*** 0.420*** 0.173*** 0.051 0.124*** 0.130*** 0.123*** 0.096** 0.134*** 0.024 -0.052 0.153*** 0.250***
Social contact with friends/family
(intentions)
0.095** 0.236*** 0.140***   0.226*** 0.253*** 0.057 0.181*** 0.136*** 0.039 -0.110** -0.049 -0.105** -0.015 -0.072* 0.013 -0.130*** -0.065
Buy goods/services (intentions) 0.124*** 0.374*** 0.260*** 0.226***   0.297*** 0.200*** 0.305*** 0.243*** -0.070* -0.057 -0.042 -0.068 -0.056 -0.079* -0.065 -0.035 -0.008
Public activities (intentions) 0.120*** 0.328*** 0.365*** 0.253*** 0.297***   0.239*** 0.287*** 0.067 -0.051 -0.092* -0.032 -0.093** -0.069 -0.265*** -0.147*** -0.079* 0.056
Public transport (intentions) 0.012 0.330*** 0.420*** 0.057 0.200*** 0.239***   0.396*** 0.002 0.092* 0.085* 0.064 0.066 0.007 0.048 -0.106** 0.052 0.285***
Active transport (intentions) 0.071* 0.277*** 0.173*** 0.181*** 0.305*** 0.287*** 0.396***   0.017 -0.079* -0.082* -0.076* -0.051 -0.114** -0.083* -0.081* -0.180*** 0.096**
Private transport (intentions) 0.174*** 0.145*** 0.051 0.136*** 0.243*** 0.067 0.002 0.017   -0.096** -0.058 -0.083* -0.069 -0.053 -0.061 0.072* -0.081* -0.274***
Worked risk -0.090* 0.019 0.124*** 0.039 -0.070* -0.051 0.092* -0.079* -0.096**   0.404*** 0.408*** 0.468*** 0.498*** 0.487*** 0.349*** 0.280*** 0.236***
Restaurant/cafe risk -0.047 -0.156*** 0.130*** -0.110** -0.057 -0.092* 0.085* -0.082* -0.058 0.404***   0.504*** 0.566*** 0.628*** 0.560*** 0.440*** 0.422*** 0.249***
Medical care risk -0.099** -0.025 0.123*** -0.049 -0.042 -0.032 0.064 -0.076* -0.083* 0.408*** 0.504***   0.508*** 0.530*** 0.447*** 0.414*** 0.337*** 0.259***
Social contact with friends/family risk -0.081* -0.072* 0.096** -0.105** -0.068 -0.093** 0.066 -0.051 -0.069 0.468*** 0.566*** 0.508***   0.586*** 0.586*** 0.426*** 0.326*** 0.280***
Bought goods/services risk -0.021 -0.063 0.134*** -0.015 -0.056 -0.069 0.007 -0.114** -0.053 0.498*** 0.628*** 0.530*** 0.586***   0.590*** 0.487*** 0.369*** 0.222***
Public activities risk -0.022 -0.111** 0.024 -0.072* -0.079* -0.265*** 0.048 -0.083* -0.061 0.487*** 0.560*** 0.447*** 0.586*** 0.590***   0.512*** 0.366*** 0.199***
Public transport risk -0.004 -0.136*** -0.052 0.013 -0.065 -0.147*** -0.106** -0.081* 0.072* 0.349*** 0.440*** 0.414*** 0.426*** 0.487*** 0.512***   0.444*** 0.080*
Active transport risk -0.040 -0.033 0.153*** -0.130*** -0.035 -0.079* 0.052 -0.180*** -0.081* 0.280*** 0.422*** 0.337*** 0.326*** 0.369*** 0.366*** 0.444***   0.364***
Private transport risk -0.097** 0.049 0.250*** -0.065 -0.008 0.056 0.285*** 0.096** -0.274*** 0.236*** 0.249*** 0.259*** 0.280*** 0.222*** 0.199*** 0.080* 0.364***  
Computed correlation used pearson-method with listwise-deletion.

Snapshot of behaviours

Note that only people who indicated doing the behaviour on 1 or more days was asked about whether they did it in person or remotely.

The stem for all behaviours was:

Think back to the past week, from Monday 4 May to Sunday 10 May. On how many of those days did you: [do behaviour]

The stem for remote and in person probe was:

Last week, on how many days did you [do behaviour] in person and how many days did you do it remotely?

“Remotely” typically includes any time that you did the activity from your own home, e.g., over the phone, email or using the internet.

Work

Work at your job

A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for an hour or more.

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Work (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Work (intentions) 101
(12 %)
38
(5 %)
70
(8 %)
91
(11 %)
102
(12 %)
371
(44 %)
33
(4 %)
35
(4 %)
Worked (past week) 88
(10 %)
43
(5 %)
69
(8 %)
98
(12 %)
96
(11 %)
385
(46 %)
33
(4 %)
30
(4 %)
Worked in person (past week) 263
(37 %)
70
(10 %)
72
(10 %)
64
(9 %)
69
(10 %)
145
(20 %)
9
(1 %)
25
(3 %)
Worked remotely (past week) 273
(38 %)
40
(6 %)
38
(5 %)
63
(9 %)
65
(9 %)
206
(29 %)
12
(2 %)
16
(2 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Work (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Work (intentions) 101
(12 %)
740
(88 %)
Worked (past week) 88
(10 %)
754
(90 %)
Worked in person (past week) 263
(37 %)
454
(63 %)
Worked remotely (past week) 273
(38 %)
440
(62 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Work (remotely / in-person)
Worked in person
(past week)
Worked remotely
(past week)
Total
No Yes
No 8
1 %
252
37 %
260
38 %
Yes 265
39 %
156
23 %
421
62 %
Total 273
40 %
408
60 %
681
100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Work (past week / intentions for next week)
Worked (past week) Work (intentions) Total
No Yes
No 70
8 %
18
2 %
88
10 %
Yes 31
4 %
722
86 %
753
90 %
Total 101
12 %
740
88 %
841
100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Includes only those people who did the activity at all (>= 1 days) in the past week.

Work (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Worked in person
(past week)
Work (intentions) Total
No Yes
No 19
3 %
243
34 %
262
37 %
Yes 12
2 %
442
62 %
454
64 %
Total 31
4 %
685
96 %
716
100 %

Purchased prepared food or drink

Purchase prepared food or drink (e.g., from a restaurant or cafe)

For example, eat-in, delivery, or takeaway

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Purchased prepared food/drink (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Restaurant/cafe (intentions) 648
(44 %)
417
(28 %)
207
(14 %)
84
(6 %)
48
(3 %)
40
(3 %)
12
(1 %)
17
(1 %)
Restaurant/cafe (past week) 662
(45 %)
395
(27 %)
225
(15 %)
67
(5 %)
62
(4 %)
38
(3 %)
6
(0 %)
18
(1 %)
Restaurant/cafe in person (past week) 178
(23 %)
322
(41 %)
148
(19 %)
59
(7 %)
34
(4 %)
31
(4 %)
4
(1 %)
12
(2 %)
Restaurant/cafe remotely (past week) 414
(55 %)
181
(24 %)
82
(11 %)
30
(4 %)
22
(3 %)
13
(2 %)
3
(0 %)
5
(1 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Purchased prepared food/drink (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Restaurant/cafe (intentions) 648
(44 %)
825
(56 %)
Restaurant/cafe (past week) 662
(45 %)
811
(55 %)
Restaurant/cafe in person (past week) 178
(23 %)
610
(77 %)
Restaurant/cafe remotely (past week) 414
(55 %)
336
(45 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Purchased prepared food/drink (remotely / in-person)
Restaurant/cafe in
person (past week)
Restaurant/cafe
remotely (past week)
Total
No Yes
No 38
5 %
137
19 %
175
24 %
Yes 376
51 %
180
25 %
556
76 %
Total 414
57 %
317
43 %
731
100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Purchased prepared food/drink (past week / intentions for next week)
Restaurant/cafe
(past week)
Restaurant/cafe
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 523
36 %
139
9 %
662
45 %
Yes 125
8 %
685
47 %
810
55 %
Total 648
44 %
824
56 %
1472
100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

For this table, “past week in person” includes only those people who did the activity at all in the past week. “Intentions” refers to the person’s intention to do the activity at all in the past week.

Purchased prepared food/drink (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Restaurant/cafe in
person (past week)
Restaurant/cafe
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 42
5 %
136
17 %
178
22 %
Yes 83
11 %
526
67 %
609
78 %
Total 125
16 %
662
84 %
787
100 %

Received health or medical care

Receive health or medical care

For example, regular appointments for chronic illness, mental health care, in-home care, telephone consultation with doctor

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Received health or medical care (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Medical care (intentions) 1081
(73 %)
257
(17 %)
52
(4 %)
30
(2 %)
23
(2 %)
20
(1 %)
3
(0 %)
8
(1 %)
Medical care (past week) 1092
(74 %)
235
(16 %)
66
(4 %)
42
(3 %)
15
(1 %)
15
(1 %)
4
(0 %)
5
(0 %)
Medical care in person (past week) 77
(21 %)
186
(51 %)
51
(14 %)
27
(7 %)
19
(5 %)
4
(1 %)
2
(1 %)
1
(0 %)
Medical care remotely (past week) 164
(47 %)
102
(29 %)
33
(9 %)
17
(5 %)
14
(4 %)
14
(4 %)
3
(1 %)
2
(1 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Received health or medical care (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Medical care (intentions) 1081
(73 %)
393
(27 %)
Medical care (past week) 1092
(74 %)
382
(26 %)
Medical care in person (past week) 77
(21 %)
290
(79 %)
Medical care remotely (past week) 164
(47 %)
185
(53 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Received health or medical care (remotely / in-person)
Medical care in
person (past week)
Medical care
remotely (past week)
Total
No Yes
No 11
3 %
64
19 %
75
22 %
Yes 152
45 %
109
32 %
261
77 %
Total 163
49 %
173
51 %
336
100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Received health or medical care (past week / intentions for next week)
Medical care (past
week)
Medical care
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 928
63 %
164
11 %
1092
74 %
Yes 153
10 %
229
16 %
382
26 %
Total 1081
73 %
393
27 %
1474
100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

For this table, “past week in person” includes only those people who did the activity at all in the past week. “Intentions” refers to the person’s intention to do the activity at all in the past week.

Received health or medical care (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Medical care in
person (past week)
Medical care
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 42
11 %
35
10 %
77
21 %
Yes 108
29 %
182
50 %
290
79 %
Total 150
41 %
217
59 %
367
100 %

Socialised with friends or family

Socialise with friends or family

For example, using phone, email or internet, visiting other people’s homes, other people visiting your home, or meeting in public

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Socialise with friends/family (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Social contact with friends/family
(intentions)
349
(24 %)
323
(22 %)
256
(17 %)
158
(11 %)
101
(7 %)
88
(6 %)
37
(3 %)
159
(11 %)
Social contact with friends/family (past
week)
482
(33 %)
224
(15 %)
183
(12 %)
142
(10 %)
110
(7 %)
95
(6 %)
31
(2 %)
207
(14 %)
Social contact with friends/family in
person (past week)
310
(33 %)
306
(32 %)
158
(17 %)
74
(8 %)
44
(5 %)
21
(2 %)
7
(1 %)
32
(3 %)
Social contact with friends/family
remotely (past week)
144
(15 %)
131
(14 %)
150
(16 %)
134
(14 %)
96
(10 %)
81
(9 %)
45
(5 %)
160
(17 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Socialise with friends/family (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Social contact with friends/family
(intentions)
349
(24 %)
1122
(76 %)
Social contact with friends/family (past
week)
482
(33 %)
992
(67 %)
Social contact with friends/family in
person (past week)
310
(33 %)
642
(67 %)
Social contact with friends/family
remotely (past week)
144
(15 %)
797
(85 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Socialise with friends/family (remotely / in-person)
Social contact with
friends/family in
person (past week)
Social contact with
friends/family
remotely (past week)
Total
No Yes
No 18
2 %
287
32 %
305
34 %
Yes 126
14 %
479
53 %
605
67 %
Total 144
16 %
766
84 %
910
100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Socialise with friends/family (past week / intentions for next week)
Social contact with
friends/family (past
week)
Social contact with
friends/family
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 284
19 %
198
13 %
482
32 %
Yes 65
4 %
924
63 %
989
67 %
Total 349
24 %
1122
76 %
1471
100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

For this table, “past week in person” includes only those people who did the activity at all in the past week. “Intentions” refers to the person’s intention to do the activity at all in the past week.

Socialise with friends/family (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Social contact with
friends/family in
person (past week)
Social contact with
friends/family
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 29
3 %
280
29 %
309
32 %
Yes 34
4 %
607
64 %
641
68 %
Total 63
7 %
887
93 %
950
100 %

Bought goods/services

Purchase goods or services (NOT food or drink)

For example, purchase groceries, clothing or household items, send a parcel, inspect a property, rent a movie. Do not include purchasing prepared food or drink

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Purchase goods or services (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Buy goods/services (intentions) 163
(11 %)
482
(33 %)
406
(28 %)
217
(15 %)
96
(7 %)
72
(5 %)
6
(0 %)
31
(2 %)
Bought goods/services (past week) 176
(12 %)
410
(28 %)
411
(28 %)
246
(17 %)
113
(8 %)
68
(5 %)
15
(1 %)
34
(2 %)
Bought goods/services in person (past
week)
81
(6 %)
457
(36 %)
389
(30 %)
181
(14 %)
85
(7 %)
50
(4 %)
11
(1 %)
23
(2 %)
Bought goods/services remotely (past
week)
736
(61 %)
246
(20 %)
109
(9 %)
54
(4 %)
28
(2 %)
24
(2 %)
5
(0 %)
5
(0 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Purchase goods or services (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Buy goods/services (intentions) 163
(11 %)
1310
(89 %)
Bought goods/services (past week) 176
(12 %)
1297
(88 %)
Bought goods/services in person (past
week)
81
(6 %)
1196
(94 %)
Bought goods/services remotely (past
week)
736
(61 %)
471
(39 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Purchase goods or services (remotely / in-person)
Bought
goods/services in
person (past week)
Bought
goods/services
remotely (past week)
Total
No Yes
No 15
1 %
63
5 %
78
6 %
Yes 719
60 %
395
33 %
1114
93 %
Total 734
62 %
458
38 %
1192
100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Purchase goods or services (past week / intentions for next week)
Bought
goods/services (past
week)
Buy goods/services
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 101
7 %
75
5 %
176
12 %
Yes 62
4 %
1234
84 %
1296
88 %
Total 163
11 %
1309
89 %
1472
100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

For this table, “past week in person” includes only those people who did the activity at all in the past week. “Intentions” refers to the person’s intention to do the activity at all in the past week.

Purchase goods or services (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Bought
goods/services in
person (past week)
Buy goods/services
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 12
1 %
69
5 %
81
6 %
Yes 46
4 %
1149
90 %
1195
94 %
Total 58
5 %
1218
95 %
1276
100 %

Participate in public activities

Participate in public social activities

For example, attend a religious service, visit a public park or playground, participate in a community activity

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Participate in public activities (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Public activities (intentions) 926
(63 %)
191
(13 %)
139
(9 %)
72
(5 %)
54
(4 %)
38
(3 %)
13
(1 %)
40
(3 %)
Public activities (past week) 1090
(74 %)
112
(8 %)
91
(6 %)
57
(4 %)
42
(3 %)
37
(3 %)
12
(1 %)
32
(2 %)
Public activities in person (past week) 55
(15 %)
96
(25 %)
84
(22 %)
52
(14 %)
26
(7 %)
23
(6 %)
10
(3 %)
31
(8 %)
Public activities remotely (past week) 173
(49 %)
48
(14 %)
36
(10 %)
26
(7 %)
29
(8 %)
24
(7 %)
8
(2 %)
10
(3 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Participate in public activities (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Public activities (intentions) 926
(63 %)
547
(37 %)
Public activities (past week) 1090
(74 %)
383
(26 %)
Public activities in person (past week) 55
(15 %)
322
(85 %)
Public activities remotely (past week) 173
(49 %)
181
(51 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Participate in public activities (remotely / in-person)
Public activities in
person (past week)
Public activities
remotely (past week)
Total
No Yes
No 13
4 %
41
12 %
54
16 %
Yes 159
46 %
136
39 %
295
85 %
Total 172
49 %
177
51 %
349
100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Participate in public activities (past week / intentions for next week)
Public activities
(past week)
Public activities
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 890
60 %
200
14 %
1090
74 %
Yes 36
2 %
346
24 %
382
26 %
Total 926
63 %
546
37 %
1472
100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

For this table, “past week in person” includes only those people who did the activity at all in the past week. “Intentions” refers to the person’s intention to do the activity at all in the past week.

Participate in public activities (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Public activities in
person (past week)
Public activities
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 19
5 %
35
9 %
54
14 %
Yes 16
4 %
306
81 %
322
85 %
Total 35
9 %
341
91 %
376
100 %

Intentions for next 7 days

The stem for intentions was:

Now think about the next 7 days after today. On how many of those days do you intend to [do behaviour]?

Intentions by day

Wave 3: General behavioural intentions for the next week
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Work (intentions) 101
(12 %)
38
(5 %)
70
(8 %)
91
(11 %)
102
(12 %)
371
(44 %)
33
(4 %)
35
(4 %)
Restaurant/cafe (intentions) 648
(44 %)
417
(28 %)
207
(14 %)
84
(6 %)
48
(3 %)
40
(3 %)
12
(1 %)
17
(1 %)
Medical care (intentions) 1081
(73 %)
257
(17 %)
52
(4 %)
30
(2 %)
23
(2 %)
20
(1 %)
3
(0 %)
8
(1 %)
Social contact with friends/family
(intentions)
349
(24 %)
323
(22 %)
256
(17 %)
158
(11 %)
101
(7 %)
88
(6 %)
37
(3 %)
159
(11 %)
Buy goods/services (intentions) 163
(11 %)
482
(33 %)
406
(28 %)
217
(15 %)
96
(7 %)
72
(5 %)
6
(0 %)
31
(2 %)
Public activities (intentions) 926
(63 %)
191
(13 %)
139
(9 %)
72
(5 %)
54
(4 %)
38
(3 %)
13
(1 %)
40
(3 %)
Public transport (intentions) 1237
(85 %)
80
(6 %)
59
(4 %)
33
(2 %)
16
(1 %)
18
(1 %)
2
(0 %)
5
(0 %)
Active transport (intentions) 945
(65 %)
147
(10 %)
131
(9 %)
77
(5 %)
46
(3 %)
37
(3 %)
12
(1 %)
48
(3 %)
Private transport (intentions) 269
(18 %)
274
(19 %)
278
(19 %)
206
(14 %)
120
(8 %)
150
(10 %)
59
(4 %)
98
(7 %)

Intentions yes/no

Wave 3: General behavioural intentions for the next week
  No Yes
Public transport (intentions) 1237
(85 %)
213
(15 %)
Private transport (intentions) 269
(18 %)
1185
(82 %)
Active transport (intentions) 945
(65 %)
498
(35 %)
Work (intentions) 101
(12 %)
740
(88 %)
Restaurant/cafe (intentions) 648
(44 %)
825
(56 %)
Medical care (intentions) 1081
(73 %)
393
(27 %)
Social contact with friends/family
(intentions)
349
(24 %)
1122
(76 %)
Buy goods/services (intentions) 163
(11 %)
1310
(89 %)
Public activities (intentions) 926
(63 %)
547
(37 %)

Compliance

Knowledge of measures

Self-rated compliance

Perceived descriptive norm

Correlations between knowledge, self-rated behaviour, and norm.

  How would you rate your knowledge about
the rules that currently apply to you in
your state?
How frequently are you following the
government COVID-19 rules and
regulations in your state?
How many of 100 people in your state do
you think are following the government
COVID-19 rules and regulations?
How would you rate your knowledge about
the rules that currently apply to you in
your state?
  0.375*** 0.199***
How frequently are you following the
government COVID-19 rules and
regulations in your state?
0.375***   0.266***
How many of 100 people in your state do
you think are following the government
COVID-19 rules and regulations?
0.199*** 0.266***  
Computed correlation used pearson-method with listwise-deletion.

Correlations between knowledge, norms, and key protective behaviours

Specific behaviours:

  • Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app
  • Wash hands
  • Stay at home
  • Keep physical distance
  How would you rate your knowledge about
the rules that currently apply to you in
your state?
How frequently are you following the
government COVID-19 rules and
regulations in your state?
How many of 100 people in your state do
you think are following the government
COVID-19 rules and regulations?
Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app when
in public
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and
water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser
Stay at home Keep physical distance from people in
public, school, or workplace
How would you rate your knowledge about
the rules that currently apply to you in
your state?
  0.361*** 0.211*** 0.160*** 0.183*** 0.035 0.156***
How frequently are you following the
government COVID-19 rules and
regulations in your state?
0.361***   0.297*** 0.136*** 0.273*** 0.254*** 0.378***
How many of 100 people in your state do
you think are following the government
COVID-19 rules and regulations?
0.211*** 0.297***   0.127*** 0.088** 0.138*** 0.154***
Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app when
in public
0.160*** 0.136*** 0.127***   0.160*** 0.102*** 0.128***
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and
water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser
0.183*** 0.273*** 0.088** 0.160***   0.216*** 0.398***
Stay at home 0.035 0.254*** 0.138*** 0.102*** 0.216***   0.338***
Keep physical distance from people in
public, school, or workplace
0.156*** 0.378*** 0.154*** 0.128*** 0.398*** 0.338***  
Computed correlation used pearson-method with listwise-deletion.

Transport methods

I present information about transport methods in a few different ways.

  1. Days for each transport mode for whole sample
  2. Days for each transport mode for workers
  3. Days for each transport mode for workers who ordinarily (pre-COVID) use public transport
  4. Days for each transport mode for workers who ordinarily (pre-COVID) commute to work in peak times

Whole sample

Days 0-7 (plot and table)

Transport mode (all respondents) (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Public transport (intentions) 1237
(85 %)
80
(6 %)
59
(4 %)
33
(2 %)
16
(1 %)
18
(1 %)
2
(0 %)
5
(0 %)
Public transport (past week) 1274
(88 %)
63
(4 %)
47
(3 %)
24
(2 %)
19
(1 %)
15
(1 %)
7
(0 %)
1
(0 %)
Active transport (intentions) 945
(65 %)
147
(10 %)
131
(9 %)
77
(5 %)
46
(3 %)
37
(3 %)
12
(1 %)
48
(3 %)
Active transport (past week) 1053
(73 %)
110
(8 %)
96
(7 %)
53
(4 %)
34
(2 %)
38
(3 %)
10
(1 %)
41
(3 %)
Private transport (intentions) 269
(18 %)
274
(19 %)
278
(19 %)
206
(14 %)
120
(8 %)
150
(10 %)
59
(4 %)
98
(7 %)
Private transport (past week) 317
(22 %)
289
(20 %)
294
(20 %)
168
(12 %)
124
(8 %)
127
(9 %)
51
(4 %)
89
(6 %)

Yes/No (plot and table)

Transport mode (all respondents) (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Public transport (intentions) 1237
(85 %)
213
(15 %)
Public transport (past week) 1274
(88 %)
176
(12 %)
Active transport (intentions) 945
(65 %)
498
(35 %)
Active transport (past week) 1053
(73 %)
382
(27 %)
Private transport (intentions) 269
(18 %)
1185
(82 %)
Private transport (past week) 317
(22 %)
1142
(78 %)

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Reporting for public transport only. Private transport and active transport available on request.

Public transport (past week / intentions for next week)
Public transport
(past week)
Public transport
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 1198
83 %
64
4 %
1262
87 %
Yes 27
2 %
146
10 %
173
12 %
Total 1225
85 %
210
15 %
1435
100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (past week)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (past week)
Public transport
(past week)
Private transport
(past week)
Total
No Yes
No 276
19 %
992
69 %
1268
88 %
Yes 41
3 %
128
9 %
169
12 %
Total 317
22 %
1120
78 %
1437
100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (intentions)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (intentions)
Public transport
(intentions)
Private transport
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 223
16 %
1006
70 %
1229
86 %
Yes 45
3 %
161
11 %
206
14 %
Total 268
19 %
1167
81 %
1435
100 %

Workers only

Days 0-7 (plot and table)

Transport mode (workers only) (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Public transport (intentions) 681
(82 %)
49
(6 %)
42
(5 %)
25
(3 %)
13
(2 %)
15
(2 %)
2
(0 %)
3
(0 %)
Public transport (past week) 705
(85 %)
43
(5 %)
33
(4 %)
16
(2 %)
15
(2 %)
15
(2 %)
6
(1 %)
1
(0 %)
Active transport (intentions) 505
(61 %)
97
(12 %)
91
(11 %)
49
(6 %)
28
(3 %)
21
(3 %)
5
(1 %)
29
(4 %)
Active transport (past week) 571
(69 %)
80
(10 %)
62
(7 %)
39
(5 %)
21
(3 %)
25
(3 %)
5
(1 %)
26
(3 %)
Private transport (intentions) 141
(17 %)
115
(14 %)
137
(17 %)
113
(14 %)
87
(10 %)
114
(14 %)
49
(6 %)
74
(9 %)
Private transport (past week) 171
(20 %)
125
(15 %)
135
(16 %)
105
(13 %)
86
(10 %)
105
(13 %)
41
(5 %)
66
(8 %)

Yes/No (plot and table)

Transport mode (workers only) (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Public transport (intentions) 681
(82 %)
149
(18 %)
Public transport (past week) 705
(85 %)
129
(15 %)
Active transport (intentions) 505
(61 %)
320
(39 %)
Active transport (past week) 571
(69 %)
258
(31 %)
Private transport (intentions) 141
(17 %)
689
(83 %)
Private transport (past week) 171
(20 %)
663
(80 %)

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Reporting for public transport only. Private transport and active transport available on request.

Public transport (past week / intentions for next week)
Public transport
(past week)
Public transport
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 656
80 %
41
5 %
697
85 %
Yes 20
2 %
107
13 %
127
15 %
Total 676
82 %
148
18 %
824
100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (past week)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (past week)
Public transport
(past week)
Private transport
(past week)
Total
No Yes
No 143
17 %
558
67 %
701
84 %
Yes 28
3 %
99
12 %
127
15 %
Total 171
21 %
657
79 %
828
100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (intentions)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (intentions)
Public transport
(intentions)
Private transport
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 116
14 %
560
68 %
676
82 %
Yes 24
3 %
122
15 %
146
18 %
Total 140
17 %
682
83 %
822
100 %

Public transport users

Days 0-7 (plot and table)

Transport mode (PT users only) (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Public transport (intentions) 458
(74 %)
66
(11 %)
48
(8 %)
21
(3 %)
12
(2 %)
13
(2 %)
2
(0 %)
2
(0 %)
Public transport (past week) 483
(77 %)
54
(9 %)
40
(6 %)
15
(2 %)
13
(2 %)
13
(2 %)
6
(1 %)
1
(0 %)
Active transport (intentions) 341
(55 %)
87
(14 %)
74
(12 %)
40
(6 %)
26
(4 %)
19
(3 %)
5
(1 %)
28
(5 %)
Active transport (past week) 390
(63 %)
61
(10 %)
65
(11 %)
29
(5 %)
21
(3 %)
20
(3 %)
6
(1 %)
25
(4 %)
Private transport (intentions) 146
(23 %)
131
(21 %)
123
(20 %)
95
(15 %)
39
(6 %)
49
(8 %)
17
(3 %)
23
(4 %)
Private transport (past week) 174
(28 %)
136
(22 %)
125
(20 %)
68
(11 %)
44
(7 %)
40
(6 %)
16
(3 %)
22
(4 %)

Yes/No (plot and table)

Transport mode (PT users only) (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Public transport (intentions) 458
(74 %)
164
(26 %)
Public transport (past week) 483
(77 %)
142
(23 %)
Active transport (intentions) 341
(55 %)
279
(45 %)
Active transport (past week) 390
(63 %)
227
(37 %)
Private transport (intentions) 146
(23 %)
477
(77 %)
Private transport (past week) 174
(28 %)
451
(72 %)

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Reporting for public transport only. Private transport and active transport available on request.

Public transport (past week / intentions for next week)
Public transport
(past week)
Public transport
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 433
70 %
45
7 %
478
77 %
Yes 20
3 %
119
19 %
139
22 %
Total 453
73 %
164
27 %
617
100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (past week)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (past week)
Public transport
(past week)
Private transport
(past week)
Total
No Yes
No 136
22 %
346
56 %
482
78 %
Yes 38
6 %
98
16 %
136
22 %
Total 174
28 %
444
72 %
618
100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (intentions)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (intentions)
Public transport
(intentions)
Private transport
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 103
17 %
353
57 %
456
74 %
Yes 42
7 %
118
19 %
160
26 %
Total 145
24 %
471
76 %
616
100 %

Public transport commuters

Days 0-7 (plot and table)

Transport mode (PT peak commuters only) (days)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Public transport (intentions) 185
(69 %)
26
(10 %)
25
(9 %)
14
(5 %)
7
(3 %)
9
(3 %)
2
(1 %)
1
(0 %)
Public transport (past week) 198
(73 %)
19
(7 %)
24
(9 %)
8
(3 %)
5
(2 %)
11
(4 %)
5
(2 %)
1
(0 %)
Active transport (intentions) 143
(53 %)
34
(13 %)
35
(13 %)
22
(8 %)
11
(4 %)
11
(4 %)
2
(1 %)
10
(4 %)
Active transport (past week) 165
(62 %)
24
(9 %)
30
(11 %)
14
(5 %)
10
(4 %)
13
(5 %)
1
(0 %)
9
(3 %)
Private transport (intentions) 53
(20 %)
56
(21 %)
51
(19 %)
40
(15 %)
23
(9 %)
22
(8 %)
10
(4 %)
13
(5 %)
Private transport (past week) 77
(29 %)
46
(17 %)
53
(20 %)
33
(12 %)
20
(7 %)
23
(9 %)
7
(3 %)
11
(4 %)

Yes/No (plot and table)

Transport mode (PT peak commuters only) (1 or more days)
  No Yes
Public transport (intentions) 185
(69 %)
84
(31 %)
Public transport (past week) 198
(73 %)
73
(27 %)
Active transport (intentions) 143
(53 %)
125
(47 %)
Active transport (past week) 165
(62 %)
101
(38 %)
Private transport (intentions) 53
(20 %)
215
(80 %)
Private transport (past week) 77
(29 %)
193
(71 %)

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Reporting for public transport only. Private transport and active transport available on request.

Public transport (past week / intentions for next week)
Public transport
(past week)
Public transport
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 174
65 %
21
8 %
195
73 %
Yes 9
3 %
63
24 %
72
27 %
Total 183
69 %
84
31 %
267
100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (past week)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (past week)
Public transport
(past week)
Private transport
(past week)
Total
No Yes
No 64
24 %
134
50 %
198
74 %
Yes 13
5 %
57
21 %
70
26 %
Total 77
29 %
191
71 %
268
100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (intentions)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (intentions)
Public transport
(intentions)
Private transport
(intentions)
Total
No Yes
No 37
14 %
147
55 %
184
69 %
Yes 15
6 %
67
25 %
82
31 %
Total 52
20 %
214
80 %
266
100 %

Public transport measures

General measures

Only people who indicated that they ordinarily used public transport pre-COVID (n = 632) were asked these questions.

  Much less likely Less likely Have no impact More likely Much more likely
If public transport stations and vehicles were
sanitised multiple times per day
2 % 5 % 32 % 44 % 17 %
If public transport stations and vehicles were
modified to reduce maximum passenger density
(e.g., blocking off rows of seats)
3 % 7 % 29 % 45 % 16 %
If public transport stations and vehicles were
modified to increase availability of hand
sanitiser
2 % 6 % 36 % 42 % 14 %
If fewer people used public transport (e.g., 50%
of normal density)
2 % 6 % 31 % 46 % 15 %
If my family, friends, or work colleagues started
using public transport again
4 % 7 % 63 % 21 % 5 %
If the government made it clear that it wanted
people to use public transport
6 % 11 % 56 % 20 % 7 %
If the government allowed more public activities
(e.g., restaurants, bars, cinemas)
9 % 12 % 45 % 24 % 9 %
If most people chose to wear a face mask on
public transport
3 % 6 % 48 % 32 % 12 %

Time-shifting measures

Only people who indicated that they ordinarily commuted to work in peak periods with public transport pre-COVID (n = 273) were asked these questions.

Economic measures

Testing interventions

Wave 3 Intervention results: Text messages for uptake of COVID-19 tracing app

Can a text message influence Australians to download a COVID-19 tracing app?

In Wave 3 (Australian respondents only), we designed an intervention to test persuasive text messages on

  • Likelihood to use (download and install) a COVID-19 tracing app
  • Likelihood to recommend a COVID-19 tracing app

The design of the intervention was a 1x4 (message: baseline, economic consequences, social proof, data safety) between-groups design. The primary outcome variable also included a pre-test to increase power.

There were two outcome variables:

  1. How likely would you be to download and install the COVID-19 tracing app “COVIDSafe”?
  2. 0 - Not at all likely; 5 - Neutral; 10 - Extremely likely
  3. On a scale of 0 to 10, how likely is it that you would recommend the COVID-19 tracing app “COVIDSafe” to a friend, family member, or colleague?
  4. 0 - Not at all likely; 5 - Neutral; 10 - Extremely likely

In this wave (wave 3), the Australian COVIDsafe app had been released. Therefore we asked participants earlier in the study:

  • Have you downloaded and installed the Australian Government COVID-19 tracing app “COVIDSafe” on your mobile phone?
    • Yes, No
  • [If no], How likely would you be to download and install the COVID-19 tracing app “COVIDSafe”?

This means that only those participants who had not used the app were asked the pre-measure.

Findings from the pre-registered hypotheses:

Intentions increased from pre-test to post-test, supporting Hypothesis 1 that the use of any text message to encourage respondents to download COVIDsafe would be effective.

However, Hypotheses 2 through 4 were not supported. THere was no difference between experimental conditions on the

H1: Intentions to download (pre-post change)

The use of any text message will increase intentions to use COVIDsafe from pre- to post-measure among people who have not downloaded the app

We test this with a linear model to assess whether the change is significant overall. This is the equivalent of a repeated-measures t-test on intentions, e.g.

lm(post-intentions - pre-intentions ~ 1)

  Will you install the app?
Predictors Estimates CI p
(Intercept) 0.17 0.07 – 0.28 0.001
Observations 855
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.000 / 0.000

H2: Intentions to download

The use of the research-informed text messages will predict intentions to use COVIDsafe, controlling for pre-measured intentions, among people who have not downloaded the app

We will test this with a linear model, e.g.,

lm(post-intentions ~ pre-intentions + text_message_condition)

We expect the following pattern of results

  1. baseline < social
  2. baseline < economic consequences
  3. baseline < data safety
  Will you install the
app?
Predictors Estimates CI p
(Intercept) 0.39 0.16 – 0.61 0.001
Download and install a
government COVID-19
tracing app on my phone
0.88 0.84 – 0.91 <0.001
baseline Reference
econ 0.16 -0.13 – 0.44 0.275
safety 0.08 -0.20 – 0.37 0.555
social 0.23 -0.05 – 0.52 0.110
Observations 842
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.750 / 0.749

H3: Willingness to recommend to others

The use of the research-informed text messages will predict intentions to recommend COVIDsafe to others, among people who have not downloaded the app

lm(recommend_to_others ~ text_message_condition)

We expect the following pattern of results

  1. baseline < social
  2. baseline < economic consequences
  3. baseline < data safety
  Would you recommend it?
Predictors Estimates CI p
(Intercept) 4.10 3.68 – 4.51 <0.001
baseline Reference
econ -0.54 -1.14 – 0.06 0.077
safety -0.32 -0.91 – 0.28 0.295
social -0.53 -1.13 – 0.07 0.085
Observations 844
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.005 / 0.001

H4: Willingness to recommend to others (existing app users)

The use of the research-informed text messages will increase likelihood to recommend COVIDsafe to others among people who HAVE downloaded the app

lm(recommend_to_others ~ text_message_condition)

We expect the following pattern of results

  1. baseline < social
  2. baseline < economic consequences
  3. baseline < data safety
  Would you recommend it?
Predictors Estimates CI p
(Intercept) 8.49 8.17 – 8.80 <0.001
baseline Reference
econ -0.40 -0.83 – 0.02 0.062
safety -0.02 -0.45 – 0.41 0.939
social -0.25 -0.69 – 0.20 0.277
Observations 614
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.008 / 0.003

Intervention materials

Baseline

Coronavirus Aus Gov msg: Help us to keep you safe and ease restrictions by downloading the COVIDSafe app now: aus.gov.au/app

Data safety

Coronavirus Aus Gov msg: COVIDSafe app data is protected by law and will only be used to stop the spread of COVID-19. Download the COVIDSafe app now: aus.gov.au/app

Economic consequences

Coronavirus Aus Gov msg: Help get businesses back to normal and reduce the economic impact of COVID-19 by downloading the COVIDSafe app now: aus.gov.au/app

Social proof / social norm

Coronavirus Aus Gov msg: Over 5,500,000 Australians have already downloaded and installed the COVIDSafe app. Download now at: aus.gov.au/app

More information at SCRUB Wave 3 interventions

Wave 2 Intervention results: Autonomy and information safety for uptake of COVID-19 tracing app

We designed an intervention to investigate the role of two variables in respondents’ likelihood to use and advocate for a COVID-19 tracing app, similar to that just released (26 April) by the Australian Government.

The design of the intervention was a 2 (message framing: autonomy-supportive, controlling) x 2 (data safety: high, low) between-groups design. The primary outcome variable also included a pre-test to increase power.

There were three outcome variables:

  1. How likely would you be to download and install the COVID-19 tracing app?
  2. Do you think the COVID-19 tracing app is a good idea for the government to fund?
  3. How likely is it that you would recommend the COVID-19 tracing app to a friend, family member, or colleague?

In a pre-registered analysis, we found an effect of data safety but not message framing on outcome variables 1 and 3. Emphasising data safety caused an increased intention to download and install a tracing app, and increased willingness to recommend to friends and family.

Full text of the message framing and data safety conditions is presented in a tab below.

Intention to use app

  Intention to download and install app
Predictors Estimates 95% CI p
Pre-measured intentions 0.81 0.78 – 0.85 <0.001
High data safety (vs. low) 0.52 0.17 – 0.88 0.004
Autonomy-supporting framing (vs. controlling) 0.12 -0.25 – 0.49 0.523
Data safety x Message framing -0.09 -0.61 – 0.43 0.732
Observations 1080
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.636 / 0.635

Support for funding app development

  Support for government funding app development
Predictors Estimates 95% CI p
Pre-measured intentions 0.54 0.50 – 0.58 <0.001
High data safety (vs. low) 0.22 -0.18 – 0.62 0.278
Autonomy-supporting framing (vs. controlling) 0.15 -0.27 – 0.56 0.491
Data safety x Message framing 0.04 -0.54 – 0.62 0.887
Observations 1062
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.388 / 0.386

Willingness to recommend app to others

  Willingness to recommend app to friends & family
Predictors Estimates 95% CI p
Pre-measured intentions 0.67 0.62 – 0.71 <0.001
High data safety (vs. low) 0.52 0.12 – 0.93 0.011
Autonomy-supporting framing (vs. controlling) -0.11 -0.53 – 0.31 0.599
Data safety x Message framing 0.02 -0.56 – 0.61 0.935
Observations 1071
R2 / R2 adjusted 0.483 / 0.481

Intervention text

Introduction

In this section, you will read about one possible version of a COVID-19 trace app based on Australian media reporting and Australian government press conferences. Similar apps or the use of mobile phones to trace COVID-19 have been proposed or deployed in other countries. At the end of the survey, you will receive links to media and government information about the planned Australian app.

In the midst of this global pandemic, one of the most effective ways to stop the spread of COVID-19 is to trace the contacts of people who are infected, and test those contacts. This typically involves interviewing the infected person to identify possible contacts. The government has commissioned the development of a digital contact tracing app to speed up this process. It works like this:

  1. People download the COVID-19 trace app on their mobile phone.
  2. The COVID-19 trace app keeps a record of mobile phones you have been in close contact with (within 1.5m for at least 15 minutes).
  3. When a person tests positive for COVID-19, health professionals use the data from their app and to notify people who have been in close contact with them, so they can get tested or self-isolate.

Text of interventions

Note. All respondents saw one message framing condition AND one data safety condition.

Message framing Text
Autonomy-supportive language Downloading the COVID-19 trace app means you are allowing information about who you have come into close contact with to be electronically monitored, which may feel intrusive. The reason for this unusual measure is that it is the most effective way to help people find out about their risk if they have come in contact with an infected person. Doing so means they can then make the right choices to protect themselves and their loved ones. That is why it’s hoped that you will choose to participate in this important program. Using the app is entirely voluntary. You have the choice to download and to activate, and you can opt out at any time. Making this choice is a way you can really contribute to containing the spread.
Controlling language Downloading the COVID-19 trace app means you are allowing information about who you have come into close contact with to be electronically monitored. Even if it feels intrusive, this is something people shouldn’t question, because it is clearly the most effective way for authorities to track who has been in contact with an infected person. You need to help authorities notify those at risk of contracting the virus. Given the current threat, we think you must do this to be a responsible citizen. Downloading the app is not really a choice—it’s a thing that you should just do. To comply with this program, you should download the app and ensure that it’s activated. Complying with this requirement is the best way to stop the spread of the virus.
Data safety condition Text
Safety of information Information from the COVID-19 trace app will be stored locally on a phone, encrypted, and only transferred to a health data bank if a person tests positive for COVID-19. Once there, data cannot be accessed by any other parties, private or governmental, and will not be used for any other purposes. The app is designed so that your personal identity and personal information are protected. Data will be destroyed every 21 days so that it cannot be used later by anyone, for any reason.
No safety of information Information from the COVID-19 trace app will be stored locally on a phone and then transferred to a health data bank for use in tracing the contacts of a person who tests positive for COVID-19. Once there, the data will be owned by the government and may be accessed for other important purposes. The app is designed so that the data can be stored long-term and it is possible that the data will be used in later analyses for other health or government purposes.

Wave 1 intervention results: encouraging a pledge to take key protective behaviours

(Results to come)

Data analysis notes

Prepared by Alexander Saeri () with support from Peter Slattery () and Michael Noetel ().

All analyses in this document refer to data from respondents to the Survey of COVID-19 responses to understand behaviour (SCRUB) project. SCRUB was initiated by READI and is now conducted as a collaboration between >140 international researchers, READI, and BehaviourWorks Australia at the Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University.

Our vision for this project is an international and continuously-updated dataset that can provide local insights to help government and public health officials make better decisions to fight against the novel coronavirus.

With both repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal sampling, we can track behaviour and its determinants over time.

Each time the survey is updated with new data, we are generating an updated report about the prevalence of protective behaviours, their most important drivers or barriers, a break-down by key demographics, and trends over time.