Context

This report describes the Survey of COVID-19 Responses to Understand Behaviour (SCRUB) project. It is focused on Wave 3 results, but include key findings from previous waves.A total of 1474 respondents completed Wave 3 of the survey.

Sample characteristics

This sample includes Australian participants from a panel company (ORU) only.

Gender

Respondent gender by wave
gender	1	2	3
Male	46% (501)	48% (516)	47% (700)
Female	52% (573)	51% (557)	52% (770)
Other (specify)	0% (1)	0% (0)	0% (4)
NA	2% (17)	1% (11)	0% (0)

Country

Respondent country by wave
country	1	2	3
Australia	100% (1092)	100% (1084)	100% (1474)
Angola	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Germany	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Austria	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Nepal	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
United States of America	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Singapore	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
India	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Netherlands	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Romania	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Portugal	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Saudi Arabia	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Ireland	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Serbia	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Croatia	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Viet Nam	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Albania	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Canada	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
France	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Sweden	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
New Zealand	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
South Africa	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Philippines	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Pakistan	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Uganda	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Mexico	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Hungary	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Colombia	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Malaysia	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Norway	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Ukraine	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Afghanistan	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Qatar	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Cuba	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
United Arab Emirates	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Israel	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Tunisia	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Iceland	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Belgium	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Denmark	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Italy	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Turkey	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Brazil	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Hong Kong (S.A.R.)	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Slovakia	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Chile	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Nigeria	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Algeria	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
Bahrain	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)

Age group

Respondent age group by wave
agegroup	1	2	3
18-29	9% (102)	13% (138)	20% (292)
30-39	22% (240)	19% (205)	19% (285)
40-49	14% (158)	17% (187)	15% (226)
50-59	18% (194)	18% (191)	16% (230)
60-69	21% (229)	16% (176)	15% (215)
70-79	13% (146)	12% (134)	12% (177)
80 and over	2% (23)	5% (53)	3% (49)

Australian state

State or territory by wave
state_aus	1	2	3
Australian Capital Territory	1% (16)	2% (20)	1% (12)
New South Wales	27% (292)	26% (285)	15% (220)
Northern Territory	0% (3)	0% (2)	0% (3)
Queensland	20% (213)	19% (210)	10% (148)
South Australia	8% (83)	8% (88)	4% (66)
Tasmania	3% (28)	2% (26)	1% (17)
Victoria	29% (315)	29% (313)	63% (924)
Western Australia	12% (128)	12% (130)	6% (84)
NA	1% (14)	1% (10)	0% (0)

Cultural and linguistic diversity

We asked respondents their country of birth, whether they spoke a language other than English at home, and whether they were of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin.

Country of birth by wave: In which country were you born?
cald_cob	1	2	3
Australia	0% (0)	70% (758)	73% (1074)
Other (please specify)	0% (0)	29% (318)	25% (375)
NA	100% (1092)	1% (8)	2% (25)

Language spoken at home by wave: Do you speak a language other than English at home?
cald_lote	1	2	3
No, English only	0% (0)	83% (901)	83% (1223)
Yes, other language (please specify)	0% (0)	16% (176)	16% (230)
NA	100% (1092)	1% (7)	1% (21)

Languages spoken other than English at home, Wave 3 (raw text responses), 2 or more responses
Language	n	% total	% LOTE
Arabic	3	0.2%	1.3%
Bengali	5	0.3%	2.2%
Cantonese	16	1.1%	7.1%
Chinese	4	0.3%	1.8%
French	7	0.5%	3.1%
German	3	0.2%	1.3%
Greek	4	0.3%	1.8%
Gujarati	7	0.5%	3.1%
Hindi	18	1.2%	8.0%
Indonesian	3	0.2%	1.3%
Italian	14	0.9%	6.2%
Japanese	4	0.3%	1.8%
Kannada	4	0.3%	1.8%
Korean	2	0.1%	0.9%
Macedonian	3	0.2%	1.3%
Malayalam	3	0.2%	1.3%
Maltese	3	0.2%	1.3%
Mandarin	25	1.7%	11.1%
Nepali	2	0.1%	0.9%
Polish	6	0.4%	2.7%
Punjabi	2	0.1%	0.9%
Serbian	2	0.1%	0.9%
Sinhala	4	0.3%	1.8%
Sinhalese	6	0.4%	2.7%
Spanish	3	0.2%	1.3%
Tagalog	10	0.7%	4.4%
Tamil	6	0.4%	2.7%
Telugu	3	0.2%	1.3%
Turkish	2	0.1%	0.9%
Urdu	6	0.4%	2.7%
Vietnamese	5	0.3%	2.2%
NA	1249	84.7%	-

ABS Remoteness index

More information about the Australian Bureau of Statistics Remoteness index is available on the ABS website.

Remoteness index by wave
region_aus_type	1	2	3
Major city	76% (832)	77% (839)	84% (1237)
Inner regional	13% (140)	13% (139)	12% (182)
Outer regional	3% (31)	3% (30)	3% (45)
Remote	0% (4)	0% (2)	0% (3)
Very remote	0% (0)	0% (0)	0% (0)
NA	8% (85)	7% (74)	0% (7)

Employment

We asked the following questions about employment at Wave 2 and 3, based on the ABS questions asked about employment.

In the last 7 days, did you have a job of any kind?
In the last 7 days, did you work more hours, less hours, or the same hours as usual?
- Was the reason you worked more or less hours due to COVID-19?
In the last 7 days, did you spend time providing unpaid care, help or assistance to family members or others because of a disability, a long term health condition or problems related to old age?
In the last 7 days, did you spend time looking after a child, without pay?
Have your work arrangements or job situation changed in the past month due to COVID-19?

Employment by wave: In the last 7 days, did you have a job of any kind?
employ	1	2	3
No, did not have a job	0% (0)	47% (511)	41% (611)
Yes, but absent on holidays, on paid leave, on strike, or temporarily stood down	0% (0)	6% (63)	4% (62)
Yes, unpaid work	0% (0)	3% (37)	3% (37)
Yes, worked for payment or profit	0% (0)	43% (470)	52% (761)
NA	100% (1092)	0% (3)	0% (3)

Employment hours by wave: In the last 7 days, did you work more hours, less hours, or the same hours as usual?
employ_hours	1	2	3
Less hours	0% (0)	19% (208)	19% (284)
More hours	0% (0)	7% (76)	8% (115)
Same hours	0% (0)	27% (289)	31% (461)
NA	100% (1092)	47% (511)	42% (614)

Was the reason you worked more or less hours due to COVID-19?
employ_reason	1	2	3
No	0% (0)	5% (50)	5% (72)
Yes	0% (0)	21% (231)	22% (320)
NA	100% (1092)	74% (803)	73% (1082)

Employment hours change by reason (Wave 3 only)
employ_reason	employ_hours			Total
employ_reason	Less hours	More hours	Same hours	Total
No	30	42	0	72
Yes	248	72	0	320
Total	278	114	0	392
χ²=NaN · df=2 · Cramer’s V=NaN · Fisher’s p=0.000

Employment: Unpaid disability, chronic health, or old age care by wave
employ_carer	1	2	3
No	0% (0)	86% (928)	85% (1250)
Yes	0% (0)	14% (154)	14% (208)
NA	100% (1092)	0% (2)	1% (16)

Employment: Unpaid child care by wave
employ_child	1	2	3
No	0% (0)	73% (790)	74% (1095)
Yes, looked after a child other than my own child	0% (0)	3% (37)	4% (59)
Yes, looked after my own child	0% (0)	24% (255)	21% (310)
NA	100% (1092)	0% (2)	1% (10)

Employment changes by wave: Have your work arrangements or job situation changed in the past month due to COVID-19?
employ_change	1	2	3
No	0% (0)	61% (663)	59% (864)
Yes	0% (0)	38% (412)	41% (609)
NA	100% (1092)	1% (9)	0% (1)

Key findings - all waves

What is the frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviour

The scale of responses was Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, and Always.

The following behaviours were measured at Wave 1 and 2 only:

NOT touch face with unwashed hands
Cover coughs and sneezes with elbow or a tissue

The following behaviour was measured starting at Wave 3:

Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app when in public

Wave 1

## beh_app [6]

Wave 1: Frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviours
	Never	Rarely	Sometimes	Often	Always
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser	9 (1 %)	25 (2 %)	94 (9 %)	331 (30 %)	631 (58 %)
Cover coughs and sneezes with elbow or a tissue	27 (2 %)	30 (3 %)	84 (8 %)	212 (20 %)	731 (67 %)
NOT touch face with unwashed hands	33 (3 %)	113 (10 %)	326 (30 %)	359 (33 %)	257 (24 %)
Keep physical distance from people in public, school, or workplace	10 (1 %)	15 (1 %)	119 (11 %)	393 (36 %)	551 (51 %)
Stay at home	12 (1 %)	27 (2 %)	110 (10 %)	605 (56 %)	333 (31 %)

Wave 2

## beh_app [6]

Wave 2: Frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviours
	Never	Rarely	Sometimes	Often	Always
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser	6 (1 %)	31 (3 %)	116 (11 %)	353 (33 %)	573 (53 %)
Cover coughs and sneezes with elbow or a tissue	14 (1 %)	30 (3 %)	82 (8 %)	209 (21 %)	653 (66 %)
NOT touch face with unwashed hands	24 (2 %)	106 (10 %)	291 (27 %)	380 (35 %)	274 (25 %)
Keep physical distance from people in public, school, or workplace	2 (0 %)	10 (1 %)	41 (4 %)	246 (23 %)	751 (72 %)
Stay at home	2 (0 %)	19 (2 %)	79 (7 %)	534 (50 %)	433 (41 %)

Wave 3

## beh_cover [2], beh_touch [3]

Wave 3: Frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviours
	Never	Rarely	Sometimes	Often	Always
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser	12 (1 %)	46 (3 %)	164 (11 %)	520 (35 %)	723 (49 %)
Cover coughs and sneezes with elbow or a tissue	4 (0 %)	15 (1 %)	73 (5 %)	408 (29 %)	928 (65 %)
NOT touch face with unwashed hands	13 (1 %)	26 (2 %)	158 (11 %)	814 (56 %)	447 (31 %)
Keep physical distance from people in public, school, or workplace	589 (48 %)	30 (2 %)	74 (6 %)	106 (9 %)	429 (35 %)

Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?

Wave 1

Wave 1: Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?
	Very low confidence	2	3	4	5	6	Very high confidence
Local or city health authority	83 (8 %)	60 (6 %)	216 (20 %)	251 (23 %)	265 (24 %)	104 (10 %)	107 (10 %)
State, province, or regional health authority	48 (4 %)	38 (3 %)	153 (14 %)	230 (21 %)	320 (29 %)	169 (16 %)	132 (12 %)
National health authority	46 (4 %)	31 (3 %)	103 (9 %)	208 (19 %)	289 (27 %)	209 (19 %)	202 (19 %)
National political leaders	110 (10 %)	70 (6 %)	134 (12 %)	230 (21 %)	240 (22 %)	157 (14 %)	146 (13 %)
State political leaders	99 (9 %)	70 (6 %)	136 (13 %)	220 (20 %)	274 (25 %)	159 (15 %)	128 (12 %)
World Health Organisation	88 (8 %)	47 (4 %)	109 (10 %)	199 (18 %)	276 (25 %)	173 (16 %)	195 (18 %)

Wave 2

Wave 2: Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?
	Very low confidence	2	3	4	5	6	Very high confidence
Local or city health authority	54 (5 %)	38 (4 %)	215 (20 %)	278 (26 %)	323 (30 %)	100 (9 %)	71 (7 %)
State, province, or regional health authority	32 (3 %)	25 (2 %)	140 (13 %)	216 (20 %)	395 (37 %)	158 (15 %)	114 (11 %)
National health authority	31 (3 %)	15 (1 %)	115 (11 %)	184 (17 %)	379 (35 %)	180 (17 %)	172 (16 %)
National political leaders	76 (7 %)	67 (6 %)	132 (12 %)	223 (21 %)	303 (28 %)	141 (13 %)	135 (13 %)
State political leaders	72 (7 %)	65 (6 %)	129 (12 %)	205 (19 %)	323 (30 %)	158 (15 %)	122 (11 %)
World Health Organisation	156 (14 %)	73 (7 %)	159 (15 %)	234 (22 %)	261 (24 %)	122 (11 %)	74 (7 %)

Wave 3

Wave 3: Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?
	Very low confidence	2	3	4	5	6	Very high confidence
Local or city health authority	95 (6 %)	72 (5 %)	361 (25 %)	387 (26 %)	382 (26 %)	100 (7 %)	70 (5 %)
State, province, or regional health authority	48 (3 %)	58 (4 %)	186 (13 %)	362 (25 %)	484 (33 %)	188 (13 %)	142 (10 %)
National health authority	44 (3 %)	37 (3 %)	161 (11 %)	353 (24 %)	477 (33 %)	236 (16 %)	155 (11 %)
National political leaders	116 (8 %)	98 (7 %)	212 (14 %)	362 (25 %)	374 (25 %)	178 (12 %)	127 (9 %)
State political leaders	95 (6 %)	82 (6 %)	203 (14 %)	357 (24 %)	384 (26 %)	199 (14 %)	146 (10 %)
World Health Organisation	222 (15 %)	133 (9 %)	258 (18 %)	342 (23 %)	291 (20 %)	139 (9 %)	83 (6 %)

What are people worrying about?

Wave 1

Wave 2

Wave 3

Whose advice are people following?

Wave 1

In Wave 1, we asked respondents “How often do you take actions recommended by the following groups regarding COVID-19?”

Wave 2

In Wave 2 and onwards, we asked “Think back over the past 7 days. What are the sources of information that have most influenced your actions regarding COVID-19?”

Instead of asking respondents to rate every category, we asked them to select up to three.

Wave 3

In Wave 3 we asked “Think back over the past 7 days. What are the sources of information that have most influenced your actions regarding COVID-19?”

## info_need_w2_authority_websites [10]

	Not selected	Selected
Commercial television stations	56 %	44 %
Government-funded television channels	61 %	39 %
Family and friends	70 %	30 %
Daily or weekly newspapers	81 %	19 %
Commercial online news	82 %	18 %
Sebackground-color:#eaeaea;h engines	83 %	17 %
Government-funded radio channels	88 %	12 %
Commercial radio stations	90 %	10 %
Government or health authority websites	92 %	8 %
Consultation with health care workers	92 %	8 %
Co-workers	93 %	7 %

Key findings - Wave 3

Prevalence of general behaviours

Here we plot activities that respondents have done over the past week.

Overview by day (plot)

Overview by day (table)

Wave 3: General behaviours in the past week
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Worked (past week)	88 (10 %)	43 (5 %)	69 (8 %)	98 (12 %)	96 (11 %)	385 (46 %)	33 (4 %)	30 (4 %)
Restaurant/cafe (past week)	662 (45 %)	395 (27 %)	225 (15 %)	67 (5 %)	62 (4 %)	38 (3 %)	6 (0 %)	18 (1 %)
Medical care (past week)	1092 (74 %)	235 (16 %)	66 (4 %)	42 (3 %)	15 (1 %)	15 (1 %)	4 (0 %)	5 (0 %)
Social contact with friends/family (past week)	482 (33 %)	224 (15 %)	183 (12 %)	142 (10 %)	110 (7 %)	95 (6 %)	31 (2 %)	207 (14 %)
Bought goods/services (past week)	176 (12 %)	410 (28 %)	411 (28 %)	246 (17 %)	113 (8 %)	68 (5 %)	15 (1 %)	34 (2 %)
Public activities (past week)	1090 (74 %)	112 (8 %)	91 (6 %)	57 (4 %)	42 (3 %)	37 (3 %)	12 (1 %)	32 (2 %)
Public transport (past week)	1274 (88 %)	63 (4 %)	47 (3 %)	24 (2 %)	19 (1 %)	15 (1 %)	7 (0 %)	1 (0 %)
Active transport (past week)	1053 (73 %)	110 (8 %)	96 (7 %)	53 (4 %)	34 (2 %)	38 (3 %)	10 (1 %)	41 (3 %)
Private transport (past week)	317 (22 %)	289 (20 %)	294 (20 %)	168 (12 %)	124 (8 %)	127 (9 %)	51 (4 %)	89 (6 %)

Overview - Yes/No (plot)

Overview - Yes/No (table)

Wave 3: General behaviours in the past week
	No	Yes
Public transport (past week)	1274 (88 %)	176 (12 %)
Private transport (past week)	317 (22 %)	1142 (78 %)
Active transport (past week)	1053 (73 %)	382 (27 %)
Worked (past week)	88 (10 %)	754 (90 %)
Restaurant/cafe (past week)	662 (45 %)	811 (55 %)
Medical care (past week)	1092 (74 %)	382 (26 %)
Social contact with friends/family (past week)	482 (33 %)	992 (67 %)
Bought goods/services (past week)	176 (12 %)	1297 (88 %)
Public activities (past week)	1090 (74 %)	383 (26 %)

Predicting behaviours, risk perceptions, and intentions

Analysis note: respondents who answered Gender with “other” (n = 5), chronic condition with “don’t know” (n = 40)or lived in remote Australia (n = 9)were not included in this analysis due to insufficient number of responses.

The first three predictors in each model are confidence in authorities to minimise harm from COVID-19 (local health authority, state political leaders, and state health authority)

Protective behaviours

	Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser			Stay at home			Keep physical distance from people in public, school, or workplace			Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app when in public
Predictors	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p
Local or city health authority	0.12	0.05 – 0.19	0.001	0.08	0.01 – 0.15	0.026	0.04	-0.03 – 0.11	0.310	0.07	-0.01 – 0.15	0.085
State political leaders	0.02	-0.06 – 0.09	0.618	0.07	-0.01 – 0.14	0.084	0.01	-0.06 – 0.08	0.790	0.15	0.07 – 0.23	<0.001
State, province, or regional health authority	-0.02	-0.11 – 0.06	0.601	-0.05	-0.14 – 0.04	0.284	0.09	0.00 – 0.18	0.042	-0.01	-0.11 – 0.08	0.821
gender: Male	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
gender: Female	0.17	0.06 – 0.27	0.003	0.10	-0.01 – 0.21	0.070	0.12	0.01 – 0.22	0.033	-0.01	-0.13 – 0.11	0.881
agegroup: 18-29	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
agegroup: 30-39	0.08	-0.10 – 0.26	0.386	0.02	-0.16 – 0.20	0.805	0.14	-0.03 – 0.32	0.113	0.03	-0.16 – 0.22	0.761
agegroup: 40-49	0.10	-0.10 – 0.30	0.309	0.02	-0.18 – 0.23	0.814	0.25	0.05 – 0.44	0.015	0.00	-0.21 – 0.21	0.987
agegroup: 50-59	0.37	0.19 – 0.55	<0.001	-0.01	-0.20 – 0.17	0.906	0.57	0.39 – 0.75	<0.001	0.02	-0.18 – 0.22	0.862
agegroup: 60-69	0.44	0.25 – 0.63	<0.001	0.04	-0.15 – 0.23	0.696	0.59	0.40 – 0.79	<0.001	-0.02	-0.23 – 0.19	0.835
agegroup: 70-79	0.32	0.12 – 0.53	0.002	0.24	0.04 – 0.44	0.021	0.68	0.48 – 0.88	<0.001	0.23	0.00 – 0.45	0.047
agegroup: 80 and over	0.40	0.08 – 0.72	0.013	0.19	-0.13 – 0.51	0.235	0.80	0.48 – 1.11	<0.001	0.24	-0.13 – 0.62	0.209
education: Some high school	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
education: Completed high school	-0.10	-0.32 – 0.12	0.356	0.07	-0.15 – 0.29	0.554	0.02	-0.20 – 0.24	0.855	-0.05	-0.29 – 0.20	0.715
education: Associate’s degree or technical education	-0.01	-0.22 – 0.21	0.952	0.09	-0.13 – 0.30	0.427	-0.02	-0.23 – 0.20	0.890	-0.02	-0.26 – 0.22	0.884
education: Undergraduate degree	-0.11	-0.33 – 0.10	0.294	0.06	-0.16 – 0.28	0.588	-0.02	-0.24 – 0.19	0.840	0.04	-0.19 – 0.28	0.715
education: Master’s degree	-0.05	-0.30 – 0.20	0.681	0.14	-0.11 – 0.38	0.287	0.07	-0.17 – 0.32	0.552	0.15	-0.12 – 0.42	0.279
education: Doctorate	0.28	-0.19 – 0.74	0.248	-0.01	-0.48 – 0.47	0.979	0.23	-0.24 – 0.70	0.334	0.12	-0.40 – 0.64	0.642
chronic: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
chronic: No	0.04	-0.10 – 0.17	0.582	-0.14	-0.28 – -0.00	0.045	-0.04	-0.17 – 0.10	0.606	-0.06	-0.21 – 0.09	0.448
cald_lote: No, English only	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify)	0.02	-0.13 – 0.17	0.782	0.28	0.13 – 0.43	<0.001	0.16	0.01 – 0.31	0.038	-0.12	-0.28 – 0.05	0.158
children: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
children: No	-0.07	-0.22 – 0.07	0.330	-0.00	-0.15 – 0.15	0.961	-0.09	-0.24 – 0.06	0.228	-0.22	-0.38 – -0.06	0.007
region_aus_type: Major city	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional	0.02	-0.14 – 0.18	0.848	-0.02	-0.18 – 0.14	0.782	-0.04	-0.19 – 0.12	0.650	-0.10	-0.28 – 0.08	0.283
region_aus_type: Outer regional	-0.12	-0.43 – 0.19	0.441	-0.02	-0.34 – 0.29	0.878	0.21	-0.10 – 0.52	0.185	-0.10	-0.44 – 0.24	0.566
Observations	1391			1385			1356			1170
R² / R² adjusted	0.047 / 0.033			0.031 / 0.016			0.086 / 0.072			0.054 / 0.038

In person behaviours

	Worked in person (past week)			Restaurant/cafe in person (past week)			Medical care in person (past week)			Social contact with friends/family in person (past week)			Bought goods/services in person (past week)			Public activities in person (past week)
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p
Local or city health authority	0.01	-0.16 – 0.17	0.922	-0.06	-0.16 – 0.05	0.275	0.14	0.02 – 0.25	0.021	0.08	-0.02 – 0.18	0.126	0.00	-0.07 – 0.08	0.974	0.07	-0.15 – 0.29	0.547
State political leaders	-0.10	-0.25 – 0.04	0.175	-0.01	-0.11 – 0.09	0.879	0.03	-0.07 – 0.14	0.548	-0.08	-0.18 – 0.02	0.118	-0.03	-0.10 – 0.04	0.416	0.02	-0.16 – 0.21	0.799
State, province, or regional health authority	0.02	-0.18 – 0.21	0.878	0.07	-0.06 – 0.19	0.312	-0.11	-0.25 – 0.03	0.109	-0.04	-0.17 – 0.10	0.589	0.02	-0.08 – 0.11	0.753	-0.13	-0.39 – 0.13	0.313
gender: Male	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
gender: Female	-0.46	-0.79 – -0.13	0.007	-0.32	-0.54 – -0.11	0.003	-0.16	-0.41 – 0.09	0.213	-0.06	-0.28 – 0.17	0.615	-0.30	-0.47 – -0.14	<0.001	-0.26	-0.69 – 0.18	0.241
agegroup: 18-29	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
agegroup: 30-39	-0.06	-0.56 – 0.44	0.807	0.17	-0.16 – 0.50	0.311	-0.13	-0.57 – 0.32	0.573	-0.12	-0.50 – 0.25	0.524	0.01	-0.26 – 0.28	0.937	0.34	-0.34 – 1.02	0.325
agegroup: 40-49	-0.51	-1.06 – 0.05	0.075	-0.07	-0.45 – 0.32	0.736	-0.39	-0.87 – 0.08	0.106	-0.56	-0.99 – -0.13	0.010	-0.17	-0.47 – 0.13	0.272	0.28	-0.49 – 1.06	0.473
agegroup: 50-59	-0.11	-0.64 – 0.43	0.695	-0.14	-0.51 – 0.23	0.460	-0.46	-0.94 – 0.02	0.060	-0.50	-0.87 – -0.12	0.010	0.10	-0.17 – 0.38	0.464	0.45	-0.33 – 1.24	0.258
agegroup: 60-69	0.10	-0.61 – 0.80	0.785	-0.43	-0.81 – -0.04	0.030	-0.68	-1.15 – -0.22	0.004	-0.33	-0.73 – 0.06	0.097	0.14	-0.15 – 0.43	0.339	0.29	-0.51 – 1.08	0.477
agegroup: 70-79	-0.56	-1.59 – 0.48	0.291	-0.30	-0.75 – 0.15	0.193	-0.49	-0.97 – -0.00	0.049	-0.39	-0.80 – 0.01	0.058	-0.06	-0.36 – 0.25	0.713	0.20	-0.57 – 0.98	0.605
agegroup: 80 and over	-2.14	-6.40 – 2.11	0.323	-0.89	-1.67 – -0.12	0.024	-0.20	-0.82 – 0.43	0.534	-0.16	-0.78 – 0.47	0.623	-0.24	-0.74 – 0.26	0.348	-0.89	-2.47 – 0.69	0.267
education: Some high school	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
education: Completed high school	-0.30	-1.27 – 0.67	0.542	0.04	-0.44 – 0.53	0.858	-0.31	-0.88 – 0.25	0.278	-0.29	-0.76 – 0.17	0.217	0.01	-0.32 – 0.34	0.960	-0.19	-1.20 – 0.81	0.708
education: Associate’s degree or technical education	-0.96	-1.91 – -0.01	0.048	-0.06	-0.54 – 0.41	0.793	0.08	-0.48 – 0.65	0.779	-0.06	-0.52 – 0.40	0.797	0.08	-0.24 – 0.40	0.630	-0.42	-1.38 – 0.54	0.388
education: Undergraduate degree	-1.29	-2.23 – -0.36	0.007	-0.02	-0.49 – 0.45	0.930	-0.03	-0.61 – 0.54	0.909	-0.09	-0.55 – 0.36	0.682	0.04	-0.28 – 0.37	0.787	-0.02	-0.97 – 0.93	0.973
education: Master’s degree	-1.54	-2.53 – -0.56	0.002	0.24	-0.30 – 0.78	0.387	0.28	-0.38 – 0.94	0.408	-0.09	-0.64 – 0.45	0.732	-0.07	-0.44 – 0.31	0.726	0.48	-0.57 – 1.53	0.371
education: Doctorate	-1.63	-3.08 – -0.18	0.028	-0.26	-1.31 – 0.79	0.629	-0.75	-1.90 – 0.41	0.203	0.37	-0.68 – 1.41	0.488	0.38	-0.33 – 1.10	0.289	3.31	0.74 – 5.89	0.012
chronic: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
chronic: No	-0.12	-0.67 – 0.42	0.655	0.18	-0.11 – 0.46	0.221	0.15	-0.12 – 0.43	0.280	-0.32	-0.60 – -0.04	0.025	-0.13	-0.34 – 0.07	0.203	0.04	-0.52 – 0.59	0.891
cald_lote: No, English only	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify)	-0.00	-0.44 – 0.43	0.983	-0.27	-0.57 – 0.03	0.075	-0.47	-0.89 – -0.05	0.029	-0.28	-0.61 – 0.04	0.089	-0.23	-0.46 – -0.00	0.049	-0.49	-1.12 – 0.14	0.129
children: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
children: No	-0.28	-0.68 – 0.13	0.187	0.02	-0.27 – 0.30	0.915	-0.10	-0.46 – 0.25	0.574	-0.11	-0.43 – 0.21	0.514	-0.22	-0.45 – 0.00	0.054	0.67	0.10 – 1.24	0.022
region_aus_type: Major city	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional	0.41	-0.14 – 0.96	0.144	-0.09	-0.42 – 0.24	0.611	-0.36	-0.73 – 0.01	0.058	-0.12	-0.46 – 0.21	0.470	0.05	-0.20 – 0.29	0.693	-0.01	-0.76 – 0.75	0.986
region_aus_type: Outer regional	1.07	-0.24 – 2.38	0.110	0.01	-0.68 – 0.71	0.968	-0.33	-1.04 – 0.38	0.360	-0.21	-0.97 – 0.54	0.578	-0.17	-0.64 – 0.29	0.464	-1.16	-2.86 – 0.53	0.177
Observations	685			745			346			904			1215			357
R² / R² adjusted	0.073 / 0.045			0.048 / 0.022			0.155 / 0.103			0.031 / 0.009			0.028 / 0.011			0.076 / 0.021

Risk perceptions

	Worked risk			Restaurant/cafe risk			Medical care risk			Social contact with friends/family risk			Bought goods/services risk			Public activities risk
Predictors	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p
Local or city health authority	-0.09	-0.18 – 0.01	0.067	0.03	-0.04 – 0.11	0.343	-0.07	-0.14 – 0.00	0.060	-0.03	-0.10 – 0.04	0.465	-0.05	-0.12 – 0.02	0.158	-0.08	-0.15 – -0.01	0.034
State political leaders	-0.05	-0.15 – 0.04	0.284	0.08	0.00 – 0.15	0.042	0.09	0.02 – 0.17	0.015	0.12	0.05 – 0.19	0.001	0.10	0.02 – 0.17	0.010	0.06	-0.01 – 0.13	0.110
State, province, or regional health authority	0.22	0.10 – 0.33	<0.001	-0.02	-0.11 – 0.07	0.688	-0.02	-0.10 – 0.07	0.725	0.05	-0.04 – 0.13	0.293	0.02	-0.07 – 0.11	0.617	0.10	0.02 – 0.19	0.020
gender: Male	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
gender: Female	0.18	0.04 – 0.32	0.014	0.10	-0.01 – 0.21	0.071	0.19	0.08 – 0.29	0.001	0.23	0.13 – 0.34	<0.001	0.17	0.07 – 0.28	0.001	0.15	0.05 – 0.26	0.005
agegroup: 18-29	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
agegroup: 30-39	0.11	-0.10 – 0.32	0.298	0.31	0.13 – 0.48	0.001	0.12	-0.06 – 0.30	0.184	0.08	-0.10 – 0.26	0.367	0.12	-0.06 – 0.30	0.186	0.13	-0.05 – 0.30	0.153
agegroup: 40-49	-0.00	-0.24 – 0.23	0.983	0.17	-0.03 – 0.37	0.101	-0.02	-0.22 – 0.18	0.839	0.01	-0.18 – 0.21	0.898	-0.02	-0.22 – 0.18	0.859	-0.04	-0.24 – 0.16	0.706
agegroup: 50-59	-0.15	-0.38 – 0.08	0.204	0.24	0.05 – 0.42	0.012	-0.02	-0.20 – 0.16	0.848	0.12	-0.06 – 0.30	0.198	0.07	-0.12 – 0.25	0.480	0.12	-0.06 – 0.30	0.207
agegroup: 60-69	-0.20	-0.49 – 0.09	0.167	0.23	0.04 – 0.42	0.019	-0.06	-0.25 – 0.13	0.514	0.08	-0.10 – 0.27	0.380	0.03	-0.16 – 0.22	0.732	0.11	-0.08 – 0.30	0.250
agegroup: 70-79	-0.11	-0.53 – 0.30	0.591	0.31	0.11 – 0.51	0.003	-0.27	-0.47 – -0.07	0.008	-0.02	-0.22 – 0.17	0.816	0.07	-0.13 – 0.27	0.511	0.15	-0.05 – 0.35	0.143
agegroup: 80 and over	0.01	-1.37 – 1.39	0.985	0.52	0.20 – 0.84	0.001	-0.10	-0.41 – 0.22	0.551	0.10	-0.21 – 0.42	0.526	0.09	-0.23 – 0.41	0.579	0.27	-0.05 – 0.58	0.096
education: Some high school	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
education: Completed high school	0.24	-0.15 – 0.64	0.228	0.04	-0.18 – 0.26	0.725	0.18	-0.04 – 0.40	0.100	0.14	-0.07 – 0.36	0.190	0.07	-0.15 – 0.29	0.507	0.02	-0.20 – 0.23	0.869
education: Associate’s degree or technical education	0.31	-0.08 – 0.70	0.115	0.02	-0.19 – 0.23	0.845	0.19	-0.02 – 0.41	0.074	0.15	-0.06 – 0.36	0.156	0.08	-0.13 – 0.30	0.455	0.16	-0.05 – 0.37	0.141
education: Undergraduate degree	0.31	-0.07 – 0.70	0.106	0.02	-0.19 – 0.23	0.855	0.17	-0.05 – 0.38	0.128	0.19	-0.02 – 0.40	0.084	0.04	-0.17 – 0.25	0.717	0.12	-0.09 – 0.33	0.274
education: Master’s degree	0.35	-0.06 – 0.76	0.092	0.09	-0.15 – 0.34	0.461	0.06	-0.19 – 0.30	0.639	0.19	-0.06 – 0.43	0.136	-0.07	-0.32 – 0.18	0.584	0.10	-0.14 – 0.34	0.420
education: Doctorate	0.57	-0.04 – 1.18	0.065	-0.17	-0.64 – 0.29	0.468	0.17	-0.30 – 0.64	0.478	0.33	-0.14 – 0.79	0.168	0.02	-0.44 – 0.49	0.917	0.39	-0.08 – 0.85	0.103
chronic: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
chronic: No	-0.11	-0.33 – 0.11	0.335	-0.22	-0.36 – -0.09	0.001	-0.12	-0.26 – 0.01	0.073	-0.24	-0.37 – -0.10	<0.001	-0.26	-0.40 – -0.13	<0.001	-0.26	-0.39 – -0.13	<0.001
cald_lote: No, English only	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify)	0.11	-0.08 – 0.29	0.248	0.31	0.16 – 0.46	<0.001	0.26	0.11 – 0.41	0.001	0.24	0.10 – 0.39	0.001	0.27	0.13 – 0.42	<0.001	0.35	0.21 – 0.50	<0.001
children: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
children: No	-0.13	-0.30 – 0.05	0.156	-0.09	-0.23 – 0.06	0.246	-0.11	-0.25 – 0.04	0.151	-0.16	-0.30 – -0.01	0.034	-0.18	-0.32 – -0.03	0.020	-0.20	-0.35 – -0.05	0.008
region_aus_type: Major city	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional	-0.01	-0.24 – 0.23	0.953	-0.01	-0.17 – 0.15	0.868	0.01	-0.14 – 0.17	0.860	0.09	-0.07 – 0.25	0.271	-0.02	-0.18 – 0.14	0.769	-0.01	-0.16 – 0.15	0.939
region_aus_type: Outer regional	0.28	-0.25 – 0.81	0.294	0.05	-0.25 – 0.36	0.738	-0.08	-0.39 – 0.23	0.611	-0.01	-0.31 – 0.30	0.958	-0.08	-0.39 – 0.23	0.607	-0.03	-0.33 – 0.28	0.861
Observations	799			1397			1398			1396			1394			1400
R² / R² adjusted	0.060 / 0.036			0.049 / 0.035			0.053 / 0.039			0.066 / 0.052			0.047 / 0.033			0.063 / 0.049

Intentions

	Work (intentions)			Restaurant/cafe (intentions)			Medical care (intentions)			Social contact with friends/family (intentions)			Buy goods/services (intentions)			Public activities (intentions)
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p
Local or city health authority	-0.08	-0.21 – 0.06	0.254	-0.04	-0.11 – 0.03	0.247	0.10	0.05 – 0.16	<0.001	-0.03	-0.14 – 0.09	0.639	0.04	-0.04 – 0.11	0.355	0.11	0.02 – 0.20	0.012
State political leaders	0.03	-0.09 – 0.15	0.661	0.07	0.00 – 0.14	0.039	0.08	0.03 – 0.13	0.001	0.16	0.06 – 0.27	0.003	0.06	-0.01 – 0.13	0.071	0.05	-0.03 – 0.13	0.186
State, province, or regional health authority	-0.00	-0.16 – 0.16	0.995	-0.03	-0.12 – 0.06	0.548	-0.14	-0.21 – -0.07	<0.001	-0.08	-0.22 – 0.06	0.261	-0.12	-0.22 – -0.03	0.012	-0.13	-0.24 – -0.02	0.018
gender: Male	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
gender: Female	-0.22	-0.50 – 0.06	0.120	-0.31	-0.46 – -0.16	<0.001	-0.09	-0.21 – 0.02	0.118	0.41	0.17 – 0.65	0.001	-0.19	-0.35 – -0.03	0.021	-0.15	-0.33 – 0.03	0.107
agegroup: 18-29	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
agegroup: 30-39	0.02	-0.39 – 0.44	0.910	-0.19	-0.44 – 0.06	0.138	0.08	-0.11 – 0.27	0.428	-0.74	-1.14 – -0.33	<0.001	-0.02	-0.29 – 0.24	0.855	-0.12	-0.43 – 0.18	0.425
agegroup: 40-49	-0.08	-0.54 – 0.38	0.741	-0.58	-0.86 – -0.29	<0.001	-0.21	-0.42 – 0.00	0.054	-0.81	-1.26 – -0.36	<0.001	-0.20	-0.50 – 0.10	0.191	-0.32	-0.66 – 0.02	0.069
agegroup: 50-59	0.19	-0.25 – 0.64	0.391	-0.82	-1.08 – -0.56	<0.001	-0.18	-0.37 – 0.02	0.078	-0.39	-0.80 – 0.03	0.066	0.08	-0.20 – 0.35	0.582	-0.42	-0.73 – -0.10	0.009
agegroup: 60-69	-0.22	-0.79 – 0.34	0.437	-0.94	-1.21 – -0.67	<0.001	-0.25	-0.46 – -0.04	0.017	-0.14	-0.57 – 0.29	0.517	0.14	-0.14 – 0.43	0.332	-0.24	-0.57 – 0.08	0.144
agegroup: 70-79	-0.73	-1.54 – 0.08	0.078	-1.15	-1.44 – -0.87	<0.001	-0.09	-0.30 – 0.13	0.427	-0.19	-0.64 – 0.26	0.416	-0.08	-0.38 – 0.22	0.614	-0.19	-0.53 – 0.15	0.269
agegroup: 80 and over	0.15	-2.54 – 2.85	0.911	-1.25	-1.70 – -0.79	<0.001	0.17	-0.17 – 0.51	0.325	0.03	-0.68 – 0.75	0.926	-0.21	-0.69 – 0.26	0.383	-0.62	-1.17 – -0.08	0.024
education: Some high school	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
education: Completed high school	-0.38	-1.16 – 0.39	0.332	-0.19	-0.50 – 0.12	0.229	0.11	-0.13 – 0.34	0.362	0.51	0.02 – 1.00	0.043	0.08	-0.24 – 0.41	0.620	-0.26	-0.63 – 0.11	0.172
education: Associate’s degree or technical education	-0.30	-1.06 – 0.46	0.437	-0.12	-0.42 – 0.19	0.449	0.14	-0.09 – 0.37	0.229	0.38	-0.10 – 0.86	0.125	0.13	-0.19 – 0.45	0.416	-0.09	-0.45 – 0.28	0.638
education: Undergraduate degree	0.04	-0.71 – 0.78	0.925	-0.13	-0.44 – 0.17	0.394	0.18	-0.05 – 0.41	0.121	0.61	0.13 – 1.09	0.013	0.25	-0.07 – 0.57	0.130	-0.03	-0.39 – 0.34	0.876
education: Master’s degree	-0.09	-0.89 – 0.70	0.819	-0.08	-0.43 – 0.27	0.656	0.27	0.00 – 0.53	0.048	0.53	-0.03 – 1.08	0.064	0.10	-0.27 – 0.47	0.600	0.19	-0.23 – 0.61	0.368
education: Doctorate	0.50	-0.69 – 1.68	0.413	-0.33	-0.99 – 0.34	0.337	0.03	-0.47 – 0.54	0.892	1.22	0.17 – 2.28	0.023	0.39	-0.31 – 1.09	0.278	0.05	-0.75 – 0.85	0.905
chronic: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
chronic: No	0.43	-0.01 – 0.86	0.053	0.03	-0.16 – 0.22	0.737	-0.47	-0.61 – -0.32	<0.001	-0.04	-0.34 – 0.26	0.796	-0.05	-0.25 – 0.16	0.655	0.09	-0.13 – 0.32	0.419
cald_lote: No, English only	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify)	-0.10	-0.46 – 0.26	0.577	-0.24	-0.46 – -0.03	0.023	-0.28	-0.44 – -0.12	0.001	-0.13	-0.47 – 0.20	0.431	-0.13	-0.35 – 0.09	0.255	-0.31	-0.57 – -0.06	0.015
children: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
children: No	0.00	-0.34 – 0.35	0.980	-0.06	-0.27 – 0.15	0.556	-0.17	-0.33 – -0.01	0.038	0.11	-0.22 – 0.44	0.520	-0.15	-0.38 – 0.07	0.171	0.08	-0.18 – 0.33	0.555
region_aus_type: Major city	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional	0.40	-0.06 – 0.85	0.088	-0.01	-0.24 – 0.21	0.909	-0.14	-0.31 – 0.03	0.102	0.12	-0.24 – 0.49	0.503	-0.19	-0.42 – 0.05	0.130	-0.21	-0.49 – 0.06	0.127
region_aus_type: Outer regional	-0.20	-1.23 – 0.84	0.706	-0.39	-0.83 – 0.04	0.078	-0.27	-0.60 – 0.06	0.105	-0.67	-1.37 – 0.02	0.057	-0.38	-0.84 – 0.08	0.102	-0.68	-1.21 – -0.16	0.011
Observations	800			1399			1400			1398			1399			1400
R² / R² adjusted	0.031 / 0.006			0.091 / 0.078			0.068 / 0.055			0.048 / 0.034			0.020 / 0.006			0.033 / 0.019

Transport modes

Transport mode - behaviour

	Public transport (past week)			Private transport (past week)			Active transport (past week)
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p
Local or city health authority	0.06	0.01 – 0.11	0.019	-0.06	-0.17 – 0.04	0.230	0.04	-0.05 – 0.12	0.380
State political leaders	0.04	-0.00 – 0.09	0.051	-0.08	-0.18 – 0.02	0.117	0.07	-0.01 – 0.14	0.091
State, province, or regional health authority	-0.06	-0.12 – 0.00	0.056	0.12	-0.02 – 0.25	0.087	-0.04	-0.15 – 0.06	0.422
gender: Male	Reference			Reference			Reference
gender: Female	-0.11	-0.21 – -0.01	0.034	-0.16	-0.38 – 0.07	0.169	-0.26	-0.43 – -0.08	0.005
agegroup: 18-29	Reference			Reference			Reference
agegroup: 30-39	-0.06	-0.23 – 0.11	0.470	-0.05	-0.42 – 0.33	0.807	-0.04	-0.34 – 0.25	0.780
agegroup: 40-49	-0.30	-0.49 – -0.11	0.002	-0.06	-0.47 – 0.36	0.786	-0.56	-0.89 – -0.23	0.001
agegroup: 50-59	-0.34	-0.52 – -0.17	<0.001	0.46	0.08 – 0.84	0.019	-0.42	-0.73 – -0.12	0.006
agegroup: 60-69	-0.32	-0.51 – -0.14	0.001	0.06	-0.34 – 0.46	0.764	-0.33	-0.64 – -0.01	0.044
agegroup: 70-79	-0.36	-0.55 – -0.16	<0.001	-0.22	-0.64 – 0.20	0.305	-0.50	-0.83 – -0.17	0.003
agegroup: 80 and over	-0.46	-0.78 – -0.15	0.004	-0.49	-1.15 – 0.17	0.143	-0.45	-1.00 – 0.10	0.109
education: Some high school	Reference			Reference			Reference
education: Completed high school	-0.14	-0.35 – 0.07	0.187	0.08	-0.38 – 0.53	0.741	-0.04	-0.41 – 0.33	0.831
education: Associate’s degree or technical education	-0.17	-0.38 – 0.03	0.103	0.25	-0.20 – 0.70	0.271	-0.01	-0.37 – 0.35	0.952
education: Undergraduate degree	-0.17	-0.37 – 0.04	0.114	0.23	-0.21 – 0.68	0.309	0.06	-0.30 – 0.42	0.762
education: Master’s degree	0.05	-0.18 – 0.29	0.665	0.12	-0.40 – 0.63	0.656	0.10	-0.31 – 0.51	0.635
education: Doctorate	-0.34	-0.79 – 0.11	0.142	-0.48	-1.47 – 0.52	0.346	1.16	0.37 – 1.95	0.004
chronic: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference
chronic: No	-0.01	-0.14 – 0.12	0.891	0.16	-0.12 – 0.44	0.271	0.15	-0.07 – 0.38	0.179
cald_lote: No, English only	Reference			Reference			Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify)	-0.11	-0.25 – 0.04	0.143	-0.23	-0.54 – 0.08	0.152	-0.27	-0.52 – -0.02	0.033
children: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference
children: No	-0.09	-0.23 – 0.05	0.220	-0.47	-0.78 – -0.16	0.003	0.14	-0.10 – 0.39	0.258
region_aus_type: Major city	Reference			Reference			Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional	-0.10	-0.26 – 0.05	0.187	0.30	-0.03 – 0.64	0.076	-0.22	-0.49 – 0.05	0.106
region_aus_type: Outer regional	-0.28	-0.58 – 0.01	0.062	0.53	-0.10 – 1.17	0.101	-0.21	-0.72 – 0.30	0.411
Observations	1378			1387			1364
R² / R² adjusted	0.052 / 0.038			0.031 / 0.017			0.044 / 0.030

Transport mode - risk

	Public transport risk			Private transport risk			Active transport risk
Predictors	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p	std. Beta	standardized CI	p
Local or city health authority	-0.13	-0.20 – -0.06	<0.001	0.05	-0.02 – 0.12	0.182	0.01	-0.06 – 0.09	0.688
State political leaders	0.06	-0.02 – 0.13	0.131	0.03	-0.04 – 0.11	0.366	0.08	0.01 – 0.16	0.030
State, province, or regional health authority	0.12	0.03 – 0.21	0.008	-0.05	-0.14 – 0.04	0.255	-0.07	-0.16 – 0.02	0.140
gender: Male	Reference			Reference			Reference
gender: Female	0.27	0.16 – 0.38	<0.001	-0.02	-0.13 – 0.09	0.680	0.12	0.02 – 0.23	0.025
agegroup: 18-29	Reference			Reference			Reference
agegroup: 30-39	0.13	-0.05 – 0.31	0.168	0.09	-0.10 – 0.27	0.356	0.18	0.00 – 0.37	0.050
agegroup: 40-49	0.05	-0.15 – 0.25	0.639	-0.17	-0.37 – 0.04	0.110	-0.05	-0.25 – 0.16	0.648
agegroup: 50-59	0.07	-0.11 – 0.26	0.439	-0.22	-0.41 – -0.03	0.022	-0.03	-0.22 – 0.16	0.762
agegroup: 60-69	0.14	-0.05 – 0.34	0.143	-0.30	-0.49 – -0.10	0.003	0.01	-0.18 – 0.21	0.891
agegroup: 70-79	0.15	-0.05 – 0.35	0.144	-0.23	-0.44 – -0.03	0.025	0.25	0.04 – 0.45	0.019
agegroup: 80 and over	0.14	-0.18 – 0.46	0.393	-0.11	-0.43 – 0.21	0.515	0.43	0.11 – 0.76	0.009
education: Some high school	Reference			Reference			Reference
education: Completed high school	0.16	-0.06 – 0.38	0.144	0.01	-0.21 – 0.24	0.900	0.03	-0.19 – 0.25	0.807
education: Associate’s degree or technical education	0.24	0.03 – 0.46	0.026	-0.04	-0.26 – 0.17	0.684	0.14	-0.08 – 0.35	0.222
education: Undergraduate degree	0.19	-0.03 – 0.40	0.085	0.02	-0.20 – 0.24	0.847	0.06	-0.16 – 0.27	0.608
education: Master’s degree	0.12	-0.13 – 0.37	0.340	0.06	-0.19 – 0.31	0.640	0.08	-0.17 – 0.33	0.548
education: Doctorate	0.56	0.09 – 1.02	0.019	0.09	-0.39 – 0.57	0.722	-0.03	-0.50 – 0.44	0.911
chronic: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference
chronic: No	-0.12	-0.26 – 0.01	0.079	-0.18	-0.32 – -0.04	0.010	-0.20	-0.33 – -0.06	0.005
cald_lote: No, English only	Reference			Reference			Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify)	0.28	0.13 – 0.43	<0.001	0.06	-0.09 – 0.21	0.434	0.23	0.08 – 0.38	0.003
children: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference
children: No	-0.19	-0.34 – -0.04	0.012	-0.04	-0.20 – 0.11	0.576	-0.24	-0.39 – -0.09	0.002
region_aus_type: Major city	Reference			Reference			Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional	0.06	-0.10 – 0.23	0.442	-0.13	-0.30 – 0.03	0.116	-0.08	-0.24 – 0.09	0.366
region_aus_type: Outer regional	0.17	-0.14 – 0.48	0.272	-0.47	-0.78 – -0.16	0.003	-0.08	-0.39 – 0.23	0.623
Observations	1346			1350			1344
R² / R² adjusted	0.063 / 0.049			0.038 / 0.024			0.046 / 0.032

Transport mode - intentions

	Public transport (intentions)			Private transport (intentions)			Active transport (intentions)
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p	Estimates	95% CI	p
Local or city health authority	0.07	0.02 – 0.12	0.008	-0.08	-0.19 – 0.02	0.132	0.04	-0.05 – 0.13	0.338
State political leaders	0.07	0.02 – 0.11	0.004	-0.02	-0.12 – 0.08	0.724	0.04	-0.04 – 0.12	0.321
State, province, or regional health authority	-0.10	-0.16 – -0.03	0.003	0.09	-0.04 – 0.23	0.165	-0.03	-0.15 – 0.08	0.548
gender: Male	Reference			Reference			Reference
gender: Female	-0.14	-0.24 – -0.03	0.013	-0.18	-0.41 – 0.05	0.118	-0.22	-0.41 – -0.03	0.024
agegroup: 18-29	Reference			Reference			Reference
agegroup: 30-39	-0.02	-0.20 – 0.15	0.787	-0.04	-0.42 – 0.33	0.823	-0.27	-0.58 – 0.05	0.094
agegroup: 40-49	-0.29	-0.48 – -0.09	0.005	0.07	-0.36 – 0.49	0.759	-0.61	-0.96 – -0.26	0.001
agegroup: 50-59	-0.39	-0.57 – -0.20	<0.001	0.26	-0.13 – 0.65	0.185	-0.49	-0.81 – -0.17	0.003
agegroup: 60-69	-0.38	-0.57 – -0.19	<0.001	0.07	-0.33 – 0.48	0.727	-0.51	-0.84 – -0.17	0.003
agegroup: 70-79	-0.43	-0.63 – -0.23	<0.001	-0.19	-0.62 – 0.23	0.370	-0.50	-0.85 – -0.14	0.006
agegroup: 80 and over	-0.30	-0.63 – 0.02	0.066	-0.58	-1.26 – 0.10	0.095	-0.59	-1.16 – -0.01	0.045
education: Some high school	Reference			Reference			Reference
education: Completed high school	-0.17	-0.39 – 0.05	0.131	-0.05	-0.52 – 0.41	0.818	0.09	-0.30 – 0.47	0.660
education: Associate’s degree or technical education	-0.09	-0.30 – 0.12	0.411	0.07	-0.38 – 0.53	0.752	0.01	-0.37 – 0.39	0.943
education: Undergraduate degree	-0.08	-0.29 – 0.14	0.488	0.13	-0.32 – 0.58	0.573	0.15	-0.23 – 0.53	0.428
education: Master’s degree	0.19	-0.05 – 0.44	0.124	-0.03	-0.55 – 0.50	0.915	0.21	-0.23 – 0.65	0.347
education: Doctorate	-0.22	-0.68 – 0.25	0.358	-0.94	-1.95 – 0.07	0.067	1.12	0.29 – 1.95	0.008
chronic: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference
chronic: No	-0.00	-0.14 – 0.13	0.965	0.20	-0.08 – 0.49	0.162	0.11	-0.12 – 0.35	0.352
cald_lote: No, English only	Reference			Reference			Reference
cald_lote: Yes, other language (please specify)	-0.21	-0.36 – -0.07	0.005	-0.15	-0.46 – 0.17	0.361	-0.21	-0.47 – 0.06	0.122
children: Yes	Reference			Reference			Reference
children: No	-0.01	-0.16 – 0.14	0.896	-0.48	-0.79 – -0.17	0.003	0.10	-0.16 – 0.36	0.460
region_aus_type: Major city	Reference			Reference			Reference
region_aus_type: Inner regional	-0.10	-0.26 – 0.06	0.218	0.27	-0.07 – 0.61	0.118	-0.19	-0.47 – 0.09	0.184
region_aus_type: Outer regional	-0.28	-0.58 – 0.03	0.076	0.49	-0.16 – 1.14	0.139	-0.33	-0.87 – 0.21	0.226
Observations	1376			1382			1369
R² / R² adjusted	0.067 / 0.053			0.029 / 0.014			0.036 / 0.022

Mode of attendance: in-person and remote

Days across sample by activity and attendance mode
Activity	Total days	Total respondents
active_w3_pastwk_beh	1134	1435
activities_w3_pastwk_beh	1114	1473
activities_w3_pastwk_inperson	916	377
activities_w3_pastwk_remote	552	354
cafe_w3_pastwk_beh	1646	1473
cafe_w3_pastwk_inperson	1194	788
cafe_w3_pastwk_remote	641	750
medical_w3_pastwk_beh	687	1474
medical_w3_pastwk_inperson	484	367
medical_w3_pastwk_remote	377	349
private_w3_pastwk_beh	3441	1459
public_w3_pastwk_beh	429	1450
shopping_w3_pastwk_beh	3090	1473
shopping_w3_pastwk_inperson	2595	1277
shopping_w3_pastwk_remote	923	1207
socialise_w3_pastwk_beh	3566	1474
socialise_w3_pastwk_inperson	1391	952
socialise_w3_pastwk_remote	3012	941
work_w3_pastwk_beh	3192	842
work_w3_pastwk_inperson	1636	717
work_w3_pastwk_remote	1779	713

Perceived risk

The stem for all behaviours was:

Considering the COVID-19 situation, how risky is it to [do behaviour] in person?

The response scale was 1, not at all risky, to 7, extremely risky.

Risk ratings of activities

Risk and behaviour correlation

Correlation is calculated between number of days reported doing the activity and the perceived risk of doing the activitiy.

Correlation between behaviour (days/past week) and perceived risk
	Worked (past week)	Restaurant/cafe (past week)	Medical care (past week)	Social contact with friends/family (past week)	Bought goods/services (past week)	Public activities (past week)	Public transport (past week)	Active transport (past week)	Private transport (past week)	Worked risk	Restaurant/cafe risk	Medical care risk	Social contact with friends/family risk	Bought goods/services risk	Public activities risk	Public transport risk	Active transport risk	Private transport risk
Worked (past week)		0.068	-0.013	0.081*	0.119***	0.097**	0.009	0.086*	0.182***	-0.096**	-0.059	-0.120***	-0.074*	-0.058	-0.034	-0.014	-0.060	-0.086*
Restaurant/cafe (past week)	0.068		0.261***	0.158***	0.306***	0.233***	0.239***	0.245***	0.136***	0.026	-0.180***	-0.021	-0.072*	-0.046	-0.084*	-0.106**	-0.034	0.067
Medical care (past week)	-0.013	0.261***		0.167***	0.262***	0.415***	0.358***	0.177***	0.050	0.073*	0.096**	0.077*	0.025	0.072*	0.002	-0.019	0.174***	0.246***
Social contact with friends/family (past week)	0.081*	0.158***	0.167***		0.194***	0.141***	0.074*	0.159***	0.156***	0.040	-0.112**	-0.047	-0.093**	0.015	-0.049	-0.002	-0.130***	-0.068
Bought goods/services (past week)	0.119***	0.306***	0.262***	0.194***		0.211***	0.144***	0.249***	0.238***	-0.001	-0.051	-0.012	-0.027	-0.019	-0.049	-0.065	-0.039	-0.042
Public activities (past week)	0.097**	0.233***	0.415***	0.141***	0.211***		0.210***	0.275***	0.015	-0.037	-0.064	-0.023	-0.105**	-0.041	-0.236***	-0.150***	-0.046	0.097**
Public transport (past week)	0.009	0.239***	0.358***	0.074*	0.144***	0.210***		0.416***	-0.002	0.096**	0.097**	0.062	0.065	0.057	0.049	-0.073*	0.042	0.276***
Active transport (past week)	0.086*	0.245***	0.177***	0.159***	0.249***	0.275***	0.416***		0.036	-0.086*	-0.095**	-0.106**	-0.074*	-0.113**	-0.092*	-0.090*	-0.162***	0.083*
Private transport (past week)	0.182***	0.136***	0.050	0.156***	0.238***	0.015	-0.002	0.036		-0.098**	-0.096**	-0.083*	-0.093**	-0.034	-0.094**	0.015	-0.087*	-0.284***
Worked risk	-0.096**	0.026	0.073*	0.040	-0.001	-0.037	0.096**	-0.086*	-0.098**		0.410***	0.417***	0.480***	0.514***	0.494***	0.352***	0.270***	0.239***
Restaurant/cafe risk	-0.059	-0.180***	0.096**	-0.112**	-0.051	-0.064	0.097**	-0.095**	-0.096**	0.410***		0.500***	0.566***	0.624***	0.553***	0.431***	0.418***	0.267***
Medical care risk	-0.120***	-0.021	0.077*	-0.047	-0.012	-0.023	0.062	-0.106**	-0.083*	0.417***	0.500***		0.502***	0.523***	0.445***	0.409***	0.346***	0.271***
Social contact with friends/family risk	-0.074*	-0.072*	0.025	-0.093**	-0.027	-0.105**	0.065	-0.074*	-0.093**	0.480***	0.566***	0.502***		0.582***	0.587***	0.425***	0.328***	0.294***
Bought goods/services risk	-0.058	-0.046	0.072*	0.015	-0.019	-0.041	0.057	-0.113**	-0.034	0.514***	0.624***	0.523***	0.582***		0.592***	0.488***	0.371***	0.239***
Public activities risk	-0.034	-0.084*	0.002	-0.049	-0.049	-0.236***	0.049	-0.092*	-0.094**	0.494***	0.553***	0.445***	0.587***	0.592***		0.513***	0.380***	0.214***
Public transport risk	-0.014	-0.106**	-0.019	-0.002	-0.065	-0.150***	-0.073*	-0.090*	0.015	0.352***	0.431***	0.409***	0.425***	0.488***	0.513***		0.455***	0.100**
Active transport risk	-0.060	-0.034	0.174***	-0.130***	-0.039	-0.046	0.042	-0.162***	-0.087*	0.270***	0.418***	0.346***	0.328***	0.371***	0.380***	0.455***		0.358***
Private transport risk	-0.086*	0.067	0.246***	-0.068	-0.042	0.097**	0.276***	0.083*	-0.284***	0.239***	0.267***	0.271***	0.294***	0.239***	0.214***	0.100**	0.358***
Computed correlation used pearson-method with listwise-deletion.

Risk and intention correlation

Correlation is calculated between number of days a person intended to the the activity (either remotely or in person) and the perceived risk of doing the activitiy.

Correlation between intentions (days/next week) and perceived risk
	Work (intentions)	Restaurant/cafe (intentions)	Medical care (intentions)	Social contact with friends/family (intentions)	Buy goods/services (intentions)	Public activities (intentions)	Public transport (intentions)	Active transport (intentions)	Private transport (intentions)	Worked risk	Restaurant/cafe risk	Medical care risk	Social contact with friends/family risk	Bought goods/services risk	Public activities risk	Public transport risk	Active transport risk	Private transport risk
Work (intentions)		0.084*	0.010	0.095**	0.124***	0.120***	0.012	0.071*	0.174***	-0.090*	-0.047	-0.099**	-0.081*	-0.021	-0.022	-0.004	-0.040	-0.097**
Restaurant/cafe (intentions)	0.084*		0.360***	0.236***	0.374***	0.328***	0.330***	0.277***	0.145***	0.019	-0.156***	-0.025	-0.072*	-0.063	-0.111**	-0.136***	-0.033	0.049
Medical care (intentions)	0.010	0.360***		0.140***	0.260***	0.365***	0.420***	0.173***	0.051	0.124***	0.130***	0.123***	0.096**	0.134***	0.024	-0.052	0.153***	0.250***
Social contact with friends/family (intentions)	0.095**	0.236***	0.140***		0.226***	0.253***	0.057	0.181***	0.136***	0.039	-0.110**	-0.049	-0.105**	-0.015	-0.072*	0.013	-0.130***	-0.065
Buy goods/services (intentions)	0.124***	0.374***	0.260***	0.226***		0.297***	0.200***	0.305***	0.243***	-0.070*	-0.057	-0.042	-0.068	-0.056	-0.079*	-0.065	-0.035	-0.008
Public activities (intentions)	0.120***	0.328***	0.365***	0.253***	0.297***		0.239***	0.287***	0.067	-0.051	-0.092*	-0.032	-0.093**	-0.069	-0.265***	-0.147***	-0.079*	0.056
Public transport (intentions)	0.012	0.330***	0.420***	0.057	0.200***	0.239***		0.396***	0.002	0.092*	0.085*	0.064	0.066	0.007	0.048	-0.106**	0.052	0.285***
Active transport (intentions)	0.071*	0.277***	0.173***	0.181***	0.305***	0.287***	0.396***		0.017	-0.079*	-0.082*	-0.076*	-0.051	-0.114**	-0.083*	-0.081*	-0.180***	0.096**
Private transport (intentions)	0.174***	0.145***	0.051	0.136***	0.243***	0.067	0.002	0.017		-0.096**	-0.058	-0.083*	-0.069	-0.053	-0.061	0.072*	-0.081*	-0.274***
Worked risk	-0.090*	0.019	0.124***	0.039	-0.070*	-0.051	0.092*	-0.079*	-0.096**		0.404***	0.408***	0.468***	0.498***	0.487***	0.349***	0.280***	0.236***
Restaurant/cafe risk	-0.047	-0.156***	0.130***	-0.110**	-0.057	-0.092*	0.085*	-0.082*	-0.058	0.404***		0.504***	0.566***	0.628***	0.560***	0.440***	0.422***	0.249***
Medical care risk	-0.099**	-0.025	0.123***	-0.049	-0.042	-0.032	0.064	-0.076*	-0.083*	0.408***	0.504***		0.508***	0.530***	0.447***	0.414***	0.337***	0.259***
Social contact with friends/family risk	-0.081*	-0.072*	0.096**	-0.105**	-0.068	-0.093**	0.066	-0.051	-0.069	0.468***	0.566***	0.508***		0.586***	0.586***	0.426***	0.326***	0.280***
Bought goods/services risk	-0.021	-0.063	0.134***	-0.015	-0.056	-0.069	0.007	-0.114**	-0.053	0.498***	0.628***	0.530***	0.586***		0.590***	0.487***	0.369***	0.222***
Public activities risk	-0.022	-0.111**	0.024	-0.072*	-0.079*	-0.265***	0.048	-0.083*	-0.061	0.487***	0.560***	0.447***	0.586***	0.590***		0.512***	0.366***	0.199***
Public transport risk	-0.004	-0.136***	-0.052	0.013	-0.065	-0.147***	-0.106**	-0.081*	0.072*	0.349***	0.440***	0.414***	0.426***	0.487***	0.512***		0.444***	0.080*
Active transport risk	-0.040	-0.033	0.153***	-0.130***	-0.035	-0.079*	0.052	-0.180***	-0.081*	0.280***	0.422***	0.337***	0.326***	0.369***	0.366***	0.444***		0.364***
Private transport risk	-0.097**	0.049	0.250***	-0.065	-0.008	0.056	0.285***	0.096**	-0.274***	0.236***	0.249***	0.259***	0.280***	0.222***	0.199***	0.080*	0.364***
Computed correlation used pearson-method with listwise-deletion.

Snapshot of behaviours

Note that only people who indicated doing the behaviour on 1 or more days was asked about whether they did it in person or remotely.

The stem for all behaviours was:

Think back to the past week, from Monday 4 May to Sunday 10 May. On how many of those days did you: [do behaviour]

The stem for remote and in person probe was:

Last week, on how many days did you [do behaviour] in person and how many days did you do it remotely?

“Remotely” typically includes any time that you did the activity from your own home, e.g., over the phone, email or using the internet.

Work

Work at your job

A ‘job’ means any type of work including casual, temporary, part-time or full-time work, if it was for an hour or more.

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Work (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Work (intentions)	101 (12 %)	38 (5 %)	70 (8 %)	91 (11 %)	102 (12 %)	371 (44 %)	33 (4 %)	35 (4 %)
Worked (past week)	88 (10 %)	43 (5 %)	69 (8 %)	98 (12 %)	96 (11 %)	385 (46 %)	33 (4 %)	30 (4 %)
Worked in person (past week)	263 (37 %)	70 (10 %)	72 (10 %)	64 (9 %)	69 (10 %)	145 (20 %)	9 (1 %)	25 (3 %)
Worked remotely (past week)	273 (38 %)	40 (6 %)	38 (5 %)	63 (9 %)	65 (9 %)	206 (29 %)	12 (2 %)	16 (2 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Work (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Work (intentions)	101 (12 %)	740 (88 %)
Worked (past week)	88 (10 %)	754 (90 %)
Worked in person (past week)	263 (37 %)	454 (63 %)
Worked remotely (past week)	273 (38 %)	440 (62 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Work (remotely / in-person)
Worked in person (past week)	Worked remotely (past week)		Total
Worked in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	8 1 %	252 37 %	260 38 %
Yes	265 39 %	156 23 %	421 62 %
Total	273 40 %	408 60 %	681 100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Work (past week / intentions for next week)
Worked (past week)	Work (intentions)		Total
Worked (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	70 8 %	18 2 %	88 10 %
Yes	31 4 %	722 86 %	753 90 %
Total	101 12 %	740 88 %	841 100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Includes only those people who did the activity at all (>= 1 days) in the past week.

Work (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Worked in person (past week)	Work (intentions)		Total
Worked in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	19 3 %	243 34 %	262 37 %
Yes	12 2 %	442 62 %	454 64 %
Total	31 4 %	685 96 %	716 100 %

Purchased prepared food or drink

Purchase prepared food or drink (e.g., from a restaurant or cafe)

For example, eat-in, delivery, or takeaway

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Purchased prepared food/drink (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Restaurant/cafe (intentions)	648 (44 %)	417 (28 %)	207 (14 %)	84 (6 %)	48 (3 %)	40 (3 %)	12 (1 %)	17 (1 %)
Restaurant/cafe (past week)	662 (45 %)	395 (27 %)	225 (15 %)	67 (5 %)	62 (4 %)	38 (3 %)	6 (0 %)	18 (1 %)
Restaurant/cafe in person (past week)	178 (23 %)	322 (41 %)	148 (19 %)	59 (7 %)	34 (4 %)	31 (4 %)	4 (1 %)	12 (2 %)
Restaurant/cafe remotely (past week)	414 (55 %)	181 (24 %)	82 (11 %)	30 (4 %)	22 (3 %)	13 (2 %)	3 (0 %)	5 (1 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Purchased prepared food/drink (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Restaurant/cafe (intentions)	648 (44 %)	825 (56 %)
Restaurant/cafe (past week)	662 (45 %)	811 (55 %)
Restaurant/cafe in person (past week)	178 (23 %)	610 (77 %)
Restaurant/cafe remotely (past week)	414 (55 %)	336 (45 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Purchased prepared food/drink (remotely / in-person)
Restaurant/cafe in person (past week)	Restaurant/cafe remotely (past week)		Total
Restaurant/cafe in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	38 5 %	137 19 %	175 24 %
Yes	376 51 %	180 25 %	556 76 %
Total	414 57 %	317 43 %	731 100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Purchased prepared food/drink (past week / intentions for next week)
Restaurant/cafe (past week)	Restaurant/cafe (intentions)		Total
Restaurant/cafe (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	523 36 %	139 9 %	662 45 %
Yes	125 8 %	685 47 %	810 55 %
Total	648 44 %	824 56 %	1472 100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

For this table, “past week in person” includes only those people who did the activity at all in the past week. “Intentions” refers to the person’s intention to do the activity at all in the past week.

Purchased prepared food/drink (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Restaurant/cafe in person (past week)	Restaurant/cafe (intentions)		Total
Restaurant/cafe in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	42 5 %	136 17 %	178 22 %
Yes	83 11 %	526 67 %	609 78 %
Total	125 16 %	662 84 %	787 100 %

Received health or medical care

Receive health or medical care

For example, regular appointments for chronic illness, mental health care, in-home care, telephone consultation with doctor

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Received health or medical care (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Medical care (intentions)	1081 (73 %)	257 (17 %)	52 (4 %)	30 (2 %)	23 (2 %)	20 (1 %)	3 (0 %)	8 (1 %)
Medical care (past week)	1092 (74 %)	235 (16 %)	66 (4 %)	42 (3 %)	15 (1 %)	15 (1 %)	4 (0 %)	5 (0 %)
Medical care in person (past week)	77 (21 %)	186 (51 %)	51 (14 %)	27 (7 %)	19 (5 %)	4 (1 %)	2 (1 %)	1 (0 %)
Medical care remotely (past week)	164 (47 %)	102 (29 %)	33 (9 %)	17 (5 %)	14 (4 %)	14 (4 %)	3 (1 %)	2 (1 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Received health or medical care (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Medical care (intentions)	1081 (73 %)	393 (27 %)
Medical care (past week)	1092 (74 %)	382 (26 %)
Medical care in person (past week)	77 (21 %)	290 (79 %)
Medical care remotely (past week)	164 (47 %)	185 (53 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Received health or medical care (remotely / in-person)
Medical care in person (past week)	Medical care remotely (past week)		Total
Medical care in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	11 3 %	64 19 %	75 22 %
Yes	152 45 %	109 32 %	261 77 %
Total	163 49 %	173 51 %	336 100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Received health or medical care (past week / intentions for next week)
Medical care (past week)	Medical care (intentions)		Total
Medical care (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	928 63 %	164 11 %	1092 74 %
Yes	153 10 %	229 16 %	382 26 %
Total	1081 73 %	393 27 %	1474 100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Received health or medical care (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Medical care in person (past week)	Medical care (intentions)		Total
Medical care in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	42 11 %	35 10 %	77 21 %
Yes	108 29 %	182 50 %	290 79 %
Total	150 41 %	217 59 %	367 100 %

Socialised with friends or family

Socialise with friends or family

For example, using phone, email or internet, visiting other people’s homes, other people visiting your home, or meeting in public

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Socialise with friends/family (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Social contact with friends/family (intentions)	349 (24 %)	323 (22 %)	256 (17 %)	158 (11 %)	101 (7 %)	88 (6 %)	37 (3 %)	159 (11 %)
Social contact with friends/family (past week)	482 (33 %)	224 (15 %)	183 (12 %)	142 (10 %)	110 (7 %)	95 (6 %)	31 (2 %)	207 (14 %)
Social contact with friends/family in person (past week)	310 (33 %)	306 (32 %)	158 (17 %)	74 (8 %)	44 (5 %)	21 (2 %)	7 (1 %)	32 (3 %)
Social contact with friends/family remotely (past week)	144 (15 %)	131 (14 %)	150 (16 %)	134 (14 %)	96 (10 %)	81 (9 %)	45 (5 %)	160 (17 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Socialise with friends/family (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Social contact with friends/family (intentions)	349 (24 %)	1122 (76 %)
Social contact with friends/family (past week)	482 (33 %)	992 (67 %)
Social contact with friends/family in person (past week)	310 (33 %)	642 (67 %)
Social contact with friends/family remotely (past week)	144 (15 %)	797 (85 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Socialise with friends/family (remotely / in-person)
Social contact with friends/family in person (past week)	Social contact with friends/family remotely (past week)		Total
Social contact with friends/family in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	18 2 %	287 32 %	305 34 %
Yes	126 14 %	479 53 %	605 67 %
Total	144 16 %	766 84 %	910 100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Socialise with friends/family (past week / intentions for next week)
Social contact with friends/family (past week)	Social contact with friends/family (intentions)		Total
Social contact with friends/family (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	284 19 %	198 13 %	482 32 %
Yes	65 4 %	924 63 %	989 67 %
Total	349 24 %	1122 76 %	1471 100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Socialise with friends/family (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Social contact with friends/family in person (past week)	Social contact with friends/family (intentions)		Total
Social contact with friends/family in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	29 3 %	280 29 %	309 32 %
Yes	34 4 %	607 64 %	641 68 %
Total	63 7 %	887 93 %	950 100 %

Bought goods/services

Purchase goods or services (NOT food or drink)

For example, purchase groceries, clothing or household items, send a parcel, inspect a property, rent a movie. Do not include purchasing prepared food or drink

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Purchase goods or services (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Buy goods/services (intentions)	163 (11 %)	482 (33 %)	406 (28 %)	217 (15 %)	96 (7 %)	72 (5 %)	6 (0 %)	31 (2 %)
Bought goods/services (past week)	176 (12 %)	410 (28 %)	411 (28 %)	246 (17 %)	113 (8 %)	68 (5 %)	15 (1 %)	34 (2 %)
Bought goods/services in person (past week)	81 (6 %)	457 (36 %)	389 (30 %)	181 (14 %)	85 (7 %)	50 (4 %)	11 (1 %)	23 (2 %)
Bought goods/services remotely (past week)	736 (61 %)	246 (20 %)	109 (9 %)	54 (4 %)	28 (2 %)	24 (2 %)	5 (0 %)	5 (0 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Purchase goods or services (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Buy goods/services (intentions)	163 (11 %)	1310 (89 %)
Bought goods/services (past week)	176 (12 %)	1297 (88 %)
Bought goods/services in person (past week)	81 (6 %)	1196 (94 %)
Bought goods/services remotely (past week)	736 (61 %)	471 (39 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Purchase goods or services (remotely / in-person)
Bought goods/services in person (past week)	Bought goods/services remotely (past week)		Total
Bought goods/services in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	15 1 %	63 5 %	78 6 %
Yes	719 60 %	395 33 %	1114 93 %
Total	734 62 %	458 38 %	1192 100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Purchase goods or services (past week / intentions for next week)
Bought goods/services (past week)	Buy goods/services (intentions)		Total
Bought goods/services (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	101 7 %	75 5 %	176 12 %
Yes	62 4 %	1234 84 %	1296 88 %
Total	163 11 %	1309 89 %	1472 100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Purchase goods or services (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Bought goods/services in person (past week)	Buy goods/services (intentions)		Total
Bought goods/services in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	12 1 %	69 5 %	81 6 %
Yes	46 4 %	1149 90 %	1195 94 %
Total	58 5 %	1218 95 %	1276 100 %

Participate in public activities

Participate in public social activities

For example, attend a religious service, visit a public park or playground, participate in a community activity

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Participate in public activities (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Public activities (intentions)	926 (63 %)	191 (13 %)	139 (9 %)	72 (5 %)	54 (4 %)	38 (3 %)	13 (1 %)	40 (3 %)
Public activities (past week)	1090 (74 %)	112 (8 %)	91 (6 %)	57 (4 %)	42 (3 %)	37 (3 %)	12 (1 %)	32 (2 %)
Public activities in person (past week)	55 (15 %)	96 (25 %)	84 (22 %)	52 (14 %)	26 (7 %)	23 (6 %)	10 (3 %)	31 (8 %)
Public activities remotely (past week)	173 (49 %)	48 (14 %)	36 (10 %)	26 (7 %)	29 (8 %)	24 (7 %)	8 (2 %)	10 (3 %)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Participate in public activities (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Public activities (intentions)	926 (63 %)	547 (37 %)
Public activities (past week)	1090 (74 %)	383 (26 %)
Public activities in person (past week)	55 (15 %)	322 (85 %)
Public activities remotely (past week)	173 (49 %)	181 (51 %)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Participate in public activities (remotely / in-person)
Public activities in person (past week)	Public activities remotely (past week)		Total
Public activities in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	13 4 %	41 12 %	54 16 %
Yes	159 46 %	136 39 %	295 85 %
Total	172 49 %	177 51 %	349 100 %

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Participate in public activities (past week / intentions for next week)
Public activities (past week)	Public activities (intentions)		Total
Public activities (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	890 60 %	200 14 %	1090 74 %
Yes	36 2 %	346 24 %	382 26 %
Total	926 63 %	546 37 %	1472 100 %

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Participate in public activities (past week IN PERSON / intentions for next week)
Public activities in person (past week)	Public activities (intentions)		Total
Public activities in person (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	19 5 %	35 9 %	54 14 %
Yes	16 4 %	306 81 %	322 85 %
Total	35 9 %	341 91 %	376 100 %

Intentions for next 7 days

The stem for intentions was:

Now think about the next 7 days after today. On how many of those days do you intend to [do behaviour]?

Intentions by day

Wave 3: General behavioural intentions for the next week
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Work (intentions)	101 (12 %)	38 (5 %)	70 (8 %)	91 (11 %)	102 (12 %)	371 (44 %)	33 (4 %)	35 (4 %)
Restaurant/cafe (intentions)	648 (44 %)	417 (28 %)	207 (14 %)	84 (6 %)	48 (3 %)	40 (3 %)	12 (1 %)	17 (1 %)
Medical care (intentions)	1081 (73 %)	257 (17 %)	52 (4 %)	30 (2 %)	23 (2 %)	20 (1 %)	3 (0 %)	8 (1 %)
Social contact with friends/family (intentions)	349 (24 %)	323 (22 %)	256 (17 %)	158 (11 %)	101 (7 %)	88 (6 %)	37 (3 %)	159 (11 %)
Buy goods/services (intentions)	163 (11 %)	482 (33 %)	406 (28 %)	217 (15 %)	96 (7 %)	72 (5 %)	6 (0 %)	31 (2 %)
Public activities (intentions)	926 (63 %)	191 (13 %)	139 (9 %)	72 (5 %)	54 (4 %)	38 (3 %)	13 (1 %)	40 (3 %)
Public transport (intentions)	1237 (85 %)	80 (6 %)	59 (4 %)	33 (2 %)	16 (1 %)	18 (1 %)	2 (0 %)	5 (0 %)
Active transport (intentions)	945 (65 %)	147 (10 %)	131 (9 %)	77 (5 %)	46 (3 %)	37 (3 %)	12 (1 %)	48 (3 %)
Private transport (intentions)	269 (18 %)	274 (19 %)	278 (19 %)	206 (14 %)	120 (8 %)	150 (10 %)	59 (4 %)	98 (7 %)

Intentions yes/no

Wave 3: General behavioural intentions for the next week
	No	Yes
Public transport (intentions)	1237 (85 %)	213 (15 %)
Private transport (intentions)	269 (18 %)	1185 (82 %)
Active transport (intentions)	945 (65 %)	498 (35 %)
Work (intentions)	101 (12 %)	740 (88 %)
Restaurant/cafe (intentions)	648 (44 %)	825 (56 %)
Medical care (intentions)	1081 (73 %)	393 (27 %)
Social contact with friends/family (intentions)	349 (24 %)	1122 (76 %)
Buy goods/services (intentions)	163 (11 %)	1310 (89 %)
Public activities (intentions)	926 (63 %)	547 (37 %)

Compliance

Knowledge of measures

Self-rated compliance

Perceived descriptive norm

Correlations between knowledge, self-rated behaviour, and norm.

	How would you rate your knowledge about the rules that currently apply to you in your state?	How frequently are you following the government COVID-19 rules and regulations in your state?	How many of 100 people in your state do you think are following the government COVID-19 rules and regulations?
How would you rate your knowledge about the rules that currently apply to you in your state?		0.375***	0.199***
How frequently are you following the government COVID-19 rules and regulations in your state?	0.375***		0.266***
How many of 100 people in your state do you think are following the government COVID-19 rules and regulations?	0.199***	0.266***
Computed correlation used pearson-method with listwise-deletion.

Correlations between knowledge, norms, and key protective behaviours

Specific behaviours:

Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app
Wash hands
Stay at home
Keep physical distance

	How would you rate your knowledge about the rules that currently apply to you in your state?	How frequently are you following the government COVID-19 rules and regulations in your state?	How many of 100 people in your state do you think are following the government COVID-19 rules and regulations?	Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app when in public	Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser	Stay at home	Keep physical distance from people in public, school, or workplace
How would you rate your knowledge about the rules that currently apply to you in your state?		0.361***	0.211***	0.160***	0.183***	0.035	0.156***
How frequently are you following the government COVID-19 rules and regulations in your state?	0.361***		0.297***	0.136***	0.273***	0.254***	0.378***
How many of 100 people in your state do you think are following the government COVID-19 rules and regulations?	0.211***	0.297***		0.127***	0.088**	0.138***	0.154***
Use the COVIDsafe mobile phone app when in public	0.160***	0.136***	0.127***		0.160***	0.102***	0.128***
Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water OR alcohol-based hand sanitiser	0.183***	0.273***	0.088**	0.160***		0.216***	0.398***
Stay at home	0.035	0.254***	0.138***	0.102***	0.216***		0.338***
Keep physical distance from people in public, school, or workplace	0.156***	0.378***	0.154***	0.128***	0.398***	0.338***
Computed correlation used pearson-method with listwise-deletion.

Transport methods

I present information about transport methods in a few different ways.

Days for each transport mode for whole sample
Days for each transport mode for workers
Days for each transport mode for workers who ordinarily (pre-COVID) use public transport
Days for each transport mode for workers who ordinarily (pre-COVID) commute to work in peak times

Whole sample

Days 0-7 (plot and table)

Transport mode (all respondents) (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Public transport (intentions)	1237 (85 %)	80 (6 %)	59 (4 %)	33 (2 %)	16 (1 %)	18 (1 %)	2 (0 %)	5 (0 %)
Public transport (past week)	1274 (88 %)	63 (4 %)	47 (3 %)	24 (2 %)	19 (1 %)	15 (1 %)	7 (0 %)	1 (0 %)
Active transport (intentions)	945 (65 %)	147 (10 %)	131 (9 %)	77 (5 %)	46 (3 %)	37 (3 %)	12 (1 %)	48 (3 %)
Active transport (past week)	1053 (73 %)	110 (8 %)	96 (7 %)	53 (4 %)	34 (2 %)	38 (3 %)	10 (1 %)	41 (3 %)
Private transport (intentions)	269 (18 %)	274 (19 %)	278 (19 %)	206 (14 %)	120 (8 %)	150 (10 %)	59 (4 %)	98 (7 %)
Private transport (past week)	317 (22 %)	289 (20 %)	294 (20 %)	168 (12 %)	124 (8 %)	127 (9 %)	51 (4 %)	89 (6 %)

Yes/No (plot and table)

Transport mode (all respondents) (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Public transport (intentions)	1237 (85 %)	213 (15 %)
Public transport (past week)	1274 (88 %)	176 (12 %)
Active transport (intentions)	945 (65 %)	498 (35 %)
Active transport (past week)	1053 (73 %)	382 (27 %)
Private transport (intentions)	269 (18 %)	1185 (82 %)
Private transport (past week)	317 (22 %)	1142 (78 %)

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Reporting for public transport only. Private transport and active transport available on request.

Public transport (past week / intentions for next week)
Public transport (past week)	Public transport (intentions)		Total
Public transport (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	1198 83 %	64 4 %	1262 87 %
Yes	27 2 %	146 10 %	173 12 %
Total	1225 85 %	210 15 %	1435 100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (past week)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (past week)
Public transport (past week)	Private transport (past week)		Total
Public transport (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	276 19 %	992 69 %	1268 88 %
Yes	41 3 %	128 9 %	169 12 %
Total	317 22 %	1120 78 %	1437 100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (intentions)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (intentions)
Public transport (intentions)	Private transport (intentions)		Total
Public transport (intentions)	No	Yes	Total
No	223 16 %	1006 70 %	1229 86 %
Yes	45 3 %	161 11 %	206 14 %
Total	268 19 %	1167 81 %	1435 100 %

Workers only

Days 0-7 (plot and table)

Transport mode (workers only) (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Public transport (intentions)	681 (82 %)	49 (6 %)	42 (5 %)	25 (3 %)	13 (2 %)	15 (2 %)	2 (0 %)	3 (0 %)
Public transport (past week)	705 (85 %)	43 (5 %)	33 (4 %)	16 (2 %)	15 (2 %)	15 (2 %)	6 (1 %)	1 (0 %)
Active transport (intentions)	505 (61 %)	97 (12 %)	91 (11 %)	49 (6 %)	28 (3 %)	21 (3 %)	5 (1 %)	29 (4 %)
Active transport (past week)	571 (69 %)	80 (10 %)	62 (7 %)	39 (5 %)	21 (3 %)	25 (3 %)	5 (1 %)	26 (3 %)
Private transport (intentions)	141 (17 %)	115 (14 %)	137 (17 %)	113 (14 %)	87 (10 %)	114 (14 %)	49 (6 %)	74 (9 %)
Private transport (past week)	171 (20 %)	125 (15 %)	135 (16 %)	105 (13 %)	86 (10 %)	105 (13 %)	41 (5 %)	66 (8 %)

Yes/No (plot and table)

Transport mode (workers only) (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Public transport (intentions)	681 (82 %)	149 (18 %)
Public transport (past week)	705 (85 %)	129 (15 %)
Active transport (intentions)	505 (61 %)	320 (39 %)
Active transport (past week)	571 (69 %)	258 (31 %)
Private transport (intentions)	141 (17 %)	689 (83 %)
Private transport (past week)	171 (20 %)	663 (80 %)

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Reporting for public transport only. Private transport and active transport available on request.

Public transport (past week / intentions for next week)
Public transport (past week)	Public transport (intentions)		Total
Public transport (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	656 80 %	41 5 %	697 85 %
Yes	20 2 %	107 13 %	127 15 %
Total	676 82 %	148 18 %	824 100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (past week)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (past week)
Public transport (past week)	Private transport (past week)		Total
Public transport (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	143 17 %	558 67 %	701 84 %
Yes	28 3 %	99 12 %	127 15 %
Total	171 21 %	657 79 %	828 100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (intentions)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (intentions)
Public transport (intentions)	Private transport (intentions)		Total
Public transport (intentions)	No	Yes	Total
No	116 14 %	560 68 %	676 82 %
Yes	24 3 %	122 15 %	146 18 %
Total	140 17 %	682 83 %	822 100 %

Public transport users

Days 0-7 (plot and table)

Transport mode (PT users only) (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Public transport (intentions)	458 (74 %)	66 (11 %)	48 (8 %)	21 (3 %)	12 (2 %)	13 (2 %)	2 (0 %)	2 (0 %)
Public transport (past week)	483 (77 %)	54 (9 %)	40 (6 %)	15 (2 %)	13 (2 %)	13 (2 %)	6 (1 %)	1 (0 %)
Active transport (intentions)	341 (55 %)	87 (14 %)	74 (12 %)	40 (6 %)	26 (4 %)	19 (3 %)	5 (1 %)	28 (5 %)
Active transport (past week)	390 (63 %)	61 (10 %)	65 (11 %)	29 (5 %)	21 (3 %)	20 (3 %)	6 (1 %)	25 (4 %)
Private transport (intentions)	146 (23 %)	131 (21 %)	123 (20 %)	95 (15 %)	39 (6 %)	49 (8 %)	17 (3 %)	23 (4 %)
Private transport (past week)	174 (28 %)	136 (22 %)	125 (20 %)	68 (11 %)	44 (7 %)	40 (6 %)	16 (3 %)	22 (4 %)

Yes/No (plot and table)

Transport mode (PT users only) (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Public transport (intentions)	458 (74 %)	164 (26 %)
Public transport (past week)	483 (77 %)	142 (23 %)
Active transport (intentions)	341 (55 %)	279 (45 %)
Active transport (past week)	390 (63 %)	227 (37 %)
Private transport (intentions)	146 (23 %)	477 (77 %)
Private transport (past week)	174 (28 %)	451 (72 %)

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Reporting for public transport only. Private transport and active transport available on request.

Public transport (past week / intentions for next week)
Public transport (past week)	Public transport (intentions)		Total
Public transport (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	433 70 %	45 7 %	478 77 %
Yes	20 3 %	119 19 %	139 22 %
Total	453 73 %	164 27 %	617 100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (past week)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (past week)
Public transport (past week)	Private transport (past week)		Total
Public transport (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	136 22 %	346 56 %	482 78 %
Yes	38 6 %	98 16 %	136 22 %
Total	174 28 %	444 72 %	618 100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (intentions)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (intentions)
Public transport (intentions)	Private transport (intentions)		Total
Public transport (intentions)	No	Yes	Total
No	103 17 %	353 57 %	456 74 %
Yes	42 7 %	118 19 %	160 26 %
Total	145 24 %	471 76 %	616 100 %

Public transport commuters

Days 0-7 (plot and table)

Transport mode (PT peak commuters only) (days)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Public transport (intentions)	185 (69 %)	26 (10 %)	25 (9 %)	14 (5 %)	7 (3 %)	9 (3 %)	2 (1 %)	1 (0 %)
Public transport (past week)	198 (73 %)	19 (7 %)	24 (9 %)	8 (3 %)	5 (2 %)	11 (4 %)	5 (2 %)	1 (0 %)
Active transport (intentions)	143 (53 %)	34 (13 %)	35 (13 %)	22 (8 %)	11 (4 %)	11 (4 %)	2 (1 %)	10 (4 %)
Active transport (past week)	165 (62 %)	24 (9 %)	30 (11 %)	14 (5 %)	10 (4 %)	13 (5 %)	1 (0 %)	9 (3 %)
Private transport (intentions)	53 (20 %)	56 (21 %)	51 (19 %)	40 (15 %)	23 (9 %)	22 (8 %)	10 (4 %)	13 (5 %)
Private transport (past week)	77 (29 %)	46 (17 %)	53 (20 %)	33 (12 %)	20 (7 %)	23 (9 %)	7 (3 %)	11 (4 %)

Yes/No (plot and table)

Transport mode (PT peak commuters only) (1 or more days)
	No	Yes
Public transport (intentions)	185 (69 %)	84 (31 %)
Public transport (past week)	198 (73 %)	73 (27 %)
Active transport (intentions)	143 (53 %)	125 (47 %)
Active transport (past week)	165 (62 %)	101 (38 %)
Private transport (intentions)	53 (20 %)	215 (80 %)
Private transport (past week)	77 (29 %)	193 (71 %)

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Reporting for public transport only. Private transport and active transport available on request.

Public transport (past week / intentions for next week)
Public transport (past week)	Public transport (intentions)		Total
Public transport (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	174 65 %	21 8 %	195 73 %
Yes	9 3 %	63 24 %	72 27 %
Total	183 69 %	84 31 %	267 100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (past week)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (past week)
Public transport (past week)	Private transport (past week)		Total
Public transport (past week)	No	Yes	Total
No	64 24 %	134 50 %	198 74 %
Yes	13 5 %	57 21 %	70 26 %
Total	77 29 %	191 71 %	268 100 %

Crosstabs: private / public transport (intentions)

Reporting for private vs. public transport only. Comparisons with active transport available on request.

Public vs. private transport (intentions)
Public transport (intentions)	Private transport (intentions)		Total
Public transport (intentions)	No	Yes	Total
No	37 14 %	147 55 %	184 69 %
Yes	15 6 %	67 25 %	82 31 %
Total	52 20 %	214 80 %	266 100 %

Public transport measures

General measures

Only people who indicated that they ordinarily used public transport pre-COVID (n = 632) were asked these questions.

	Much less likely	Less likely	Have no impact	More likely	Much more likely
If public transport stations and vehicles were sanitised multiple times per day	2 %	5 %	32 %	44 %	17 %
If public transport stations and vehicles were modified to reduce maximum passenger density (e.g., blocking off rows of seats)	3 %	7 %	29 %	45 %	16 %
If public transport stations and vehicles were modified to increase availability of hand sanitiser	2 %	6 %	36 %	42 %	14 %
If fewer people used public transport (e.g., 50% of normal density)	2 %	6 %	31 %	46 %	15 %
If my family, friends, or work colleagues started using public transport again	4 %	7 %	63 %	21 %	5 %
If the government made it clear that it wanted people to use public transport	6 %	11 %	56 %	20 %	7 %
If the government allowed more public activities (e.g., restaurants, bars, cinemas)	9 %	12 %	45 %	24 %	9 %
If most people chose to wear a face mask on public transport	3 %	6 %	48 %	32 %	12 %

Time-shifting measures

Only people who indicated that they ordinarily commuted to work in peak periods with public transport pre-COVID (n = 273) were asked these questions.

Economic measures

Testing interventions

Wave 3 Intervention results: Text messages for uptake of COVID-19 tracing app

Can a text message influence Australians to download a COVID-19 tracing app?

In Wave 3 (Australian respondents only), we designed an intervention to test persuasive text messages on

Likelihood to use (download and install) a COVID-19 tracing app
Likelihood to recommend a COVID-19 tracing app

The design of the intervention was a 1x4 (message: baseline, economic consequences, social proof, data safety) between-groups design. The primary outcome variable also included a pre-test to increase power.

There were two outcome variables:

How likely would you be to download and install the COVID-19 tracing app “COVIDSafe”?
0 - Not at all likely; 5 - Neutral; 10 - Extremely likely
On a scale of 0 to 10, how likely is it that you would recommend the COVID-19 tracing app “COVIDSafe” to a friend, family member, or colleague?
0 - Not at all likely; 5 - Neutral; 10 - Extremely likely

In this wave (wave 3), the Australian COVIDsafe app had been released. Therefore we asked participants earlier in the study:

Have you downloaded and installed the Australian Government COVID-19 tracing app “COVIDSafe” on your mobile phone?
- Yes, No
[If no], How likely would you be to download and install the COVID-19 tracing app “COVIDSafe”?

This means that only those participants who had not used the app were asked the pre-measure.

Findings from the pre-registered hypotheses:

Intentions increased from pre-test to post-test, supporting Hypothesis 1 that the use of any text message to encourage respondents to download COVIDsafe would be effective.

However, Hypotheses 2 through 4 were not supported. THere was no difference between experimental conditions on the

H1: Intentions to download (pre-post change)

The use of any text message will increase intentions to use COVIDsafe from pre- to post-measure among people who have not downloaded the app

We test this with a linear model to assess whether the change is significant overall. This is the equivalent of a repeated-measures t-test on intentions, e.g.

lm(post-intentions - pre-intentions ~ 1)

	Will you install the app?
Predictors	Estimates	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.17	0.07 – 0.28	0.001
Observations	855
R² / R² adjusted	0.000 / 0.000

H2: Intentions to download

The use of the research-informed text messages will predict intentions to use COVIDsafe, controlling for pre-measured intentions, among people who have not downloaded the app

We will test this with a linear model, e.g.,

lm(post-intentions ~ pre-intentions + text_message_condition)

We expect the following pattern of results

baseline < social
baseline < economic consequences
baseline < data safety

	Will you install the app?
Predictors	Estimates	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.39	0.16 – 0.61	0.001
Download and install a government COVID-19 tracing app on my phone	0.88	0.84 – 0.91	<0.001
baseline	Reference
econ	0.16	-0.13 – 0.44	0.275
safety	0.08	-0.20 – 0.37	0.555
social	0.23	-0.05 – 0.52	0.110
Observations	842
R² / R² adjusted	0.750 / 0.749

H3: Willingness to recommend to others

The use of the research-informed text messages will predict intentions to recommend COVIDsafe to others, among people who have not downloaded the app

lm(recommend_to_others ~ text_message_condition)

We expect the following pattern of results

baseline < social
baseline < economic consequences
baseline < data safety

	Would you recommend it?
Predictors	Estimates	CI	p
(Intercept)	4.10	3.68 – 4.51	<0.001
baseline	Reference
econ	-0.54	-1.14 – 0.06	0.077
safety	-0.32	-0.91 – 0.28	0.295
social	-0.53	-1.13 – 0.07	0.085
Observations	844
R² / R² adjusted	0.005 / 0.001

H4: Willingness to recommend to others (existing app users)

The use of the research-informed text messages will increase likelihood to recommend COVIDsafe to others among people who HAVE downloaded the app

lm(recommend_to_others ~ text_message_condition)

We expect the following pattern of results

baseline < social
baseline < economic consequences
baseline < data safety

	Would you recommend it?
Predictors	Estimates	CI	p
(Intercept)	8.49	8.17 – 8.80	<0.001
baseline	Reference
econ	-0.40	-0.83 – 0.02	0.062
safety	-0.02	-0.45 – 0.41	0.939
social	-0.25	-0.69 – 0.20	0.277
Observations	614
R² / R² adjusted	0.008 / 0.003

Intervention materials

Baseline

Coronavirus Aus Gov msg: Help us to keep you safe and ease restrictions by downloading the COVIDSafe app now: aus.gov.au/app

Data safety

Coronavirus Aus Gov msg: COVIDSafe app data is protected by law and will only be used to stop the spread of COVID-19. Download the COVIDSafe app now: aus.gov.au/app

Economic consequences

Coronavirus Aus Gov msg: Help get businesses back to normal and reduce the economic impact of COVID-19 by downloading the COVIDSafe app now: aus.gov.au/app

Social proof / social norm

Coronavirus Aus Gov msg: Over 5,500,000 Australians have already downloaded and installed the COVIDSafe app. Download now at: aus.gov.au/app

More information at SCRUB Wave 3 interventions

Wave 2 Intervention results: Autonomy and information safety for uptake of COVID-19 tracing app

We designed an intervention to investigate the role of two variables in respondents’ likelihood to use and advocate for a COVID-19 tracing app, similar to that just released (26 April) by the Australian Government.

The design of the intervention was a 2 (message framing: autonomy-supportive, controlling) x 2 (data safety: high, low) between-groups design. The primary outcome variable also included a pre-test to increase power.

There were three outcome variables:

How likely would you be to download and install the COVID-19 tracing app?
Do you think the COVID-19 tracing app is a good idea for the government to fund?
How likely is it that you would recommend the COVID-19 tracing app to a friend, family member, or colleague?

In a pre-registered analysis, we found an effect of data safety but not message framing on outcome variables 1 and 3. Emphasising data safety caused an increased intention to download and install a tracing app, and increased willingness to recommend to friends and family.

Full text of the message framing and data safety conditions is presented in a tab below.

Intention to use app

	Intention to download and install app
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	p
Pre-measured intentions	0.81	0.78 – 0.85	<0.001
High data safety (vs. low)	0.52	0.17 – 0.88	0.004
Autonomy-supporting framing (vs. controlling)	0.12	-0.25 – 0.49	0.523
Data safety x Message framing	-0.09	-0.61 – 0.43	0.732
Observations	1080
R² / R² adjusted	0.636 / 0.635

Support for funding app development

	Support for government funding app development
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	p
Pre-measured intentions	0.54	0.50 – 0.58	<0.001
High data safety (vs. low)	0.22	-0.18 – 0.62	0.278
Autonomy-supporting framing (vs. controlling)	0.15	-0.27 – 0.56	0.491
Data safety x Message framing	0.04	-0.54 – 0.62	0.887
Observations	1062
R² / R² adjusted	0.388 / 0.386

Willingness to recommend app to others

	Willingness to recommend app to friends & family
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	p
Pre-measured intentions	0.67	0.62 – 0.71	<0.001
High data safety (vs. low)	0.52	0.12 – 0.93	0.011
Autonomy-supporting framing (vs. controlling)	-0.11	-0.53 – 0.31	0.599
Data safety x Message framing	0.02	-0.56 – 0.61	0.935
Observations	1071
R² / R² adjusted	0.483 / 0.481

Intervention text

Introduction

In this section, you will read about one possible version of a COVID-19 trace app based on Australian media reporting and Australian government press conferences. Similar apps or the use of mobile phones to trace COVID-19 have been proposed or deployed in other countries. At the end of the survey, you will receive links to media and government information about the planned Australian app.

In the midst of this global pandemic, one of the most effective ways to stop the spread of COVID-19 is to trace the contacts of people who are infected, and test those contacts. This typically involves interviewing the infected person to identify possible contacts. The government has commissioned the development of a digital contact tracing app to speed up this process. It works like this:

People download the COVID-19 trace app on their mobile phone.
The COVID-19 trace app keeps a record of mobile phones you have been in close contact with (within 1.5m for at least 15 minutes).
When a person tests positive for COVID-19, health professionals use the data from their app and to notify people who have been in close contact with them, so they can get tested or self-isolate.

Text of interventions

Note. All respondents saw one message framing condition AND one data safety condition.

Autonomy-supportive language

Downloading the COVID-19 trace app means you are allowing information about who you have come into close contact with to be electronically monitored, which may feel intrusive. The reason for this unusual measure is that it is the most effective way to help people find out about their risk if they have come in contact with an infected person. Doing so means they can then make the right choices to protect themselves and their loved ones. That is why it’s hoped that you will choose to participate in this important program. Using the app is entirely voluntary. You have the choice to download and to activate, and you can opt out at any time. Making this choice is a way you can really contribute to containing the spread.

Controlling language

Downloading the COVID-19 trace app means you are allowing information about who you have come into close contact with to be electronically monitored. Even if it feels intrusive, this is something people shouldn’t question, because it is clearly the most effective way for authorities to track who has been in contact with an infected person. You need to help authorities notify those at risk of contracting the virus. Given the current threat, we think you must do this to be a responsible citizen. Downloading the app is not really a choice—it’s a thing that you should just do. To comply with this program, you should download the app and ensure that it’s activated. Complying with this requirement is the best way to stop the spread of the virus.

Safety of information

Information from the COVID-19 trace app will be stored locally on a phone, encrypted, and only transferred to a health data bank if a person tests positive for COVID-19. Once there, data cannot be accessed by any other parties, private or governmental, and will not be used for any other purposes. The app is designed so that your personal identity and personal information are protected. Data will be destroyed every 21 days so that it cannot be used later by anyone, for any reason.

No safety of information

Information from the COVID-19 trace app will be stored locally on a phone and then transferred to a health data bank for use in tracing the contacts of a person who tests positive for COVID-19. Once there, the data will be owned by the government and may be accessed for other important purposes. The app is designed so that the data can be stored long-term and it is possible that the data will be used in later analyses for other health or government purposes.

Wave 1 intervention results: encouraging a pledge to take key protective behaviours

(Results to come)

Data analysis notes

Prepared by Alexander Saeri (alexander.saeri@monash.edu) with support from Peter Slattery (peter.slattery@monash.edu) and Michael Noetel (michael.noetel@acu.edu.au).

All analyses in this document refer to data from respondents to the Survey of COVID-19 responses to understand behaviour (SCRUB) project. SCRUB was initiated by READI and is now conducted as a collaboration between >140 international researchers, READI, and BehaviourWorks Australia at the Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University.

Our vision for this project is an international and continuously-updated dataset that can provide local insights to help government and public health officials make better decisions to fight against the novel coronavirus.

With both repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal sampling, we can track behaviour and its determinants over time.

Each time the survey is updated with new data, we are generating an updated report about the prevalence of protective behaviours, their most important drivers or barriers, a break-down by key demographics, and trends over time.

Survey of COVID-19 Responses to Understand Behaviour (SCRUB) Technical report - Wave 3

Alexander Saeri

28 May 2020

Context

Sample characteristics

Gender

Country

Age group

Australian state

Cultural and linguistic diversity

ABS Remoteness index

Employment

Key findings - all waves

What is the frequency of COVID-19 protective behaviour

Wave 1

Wave 2

Wave 3

Which authorities are trusted to minimise harm from COVID-19?

Wave 1

Wave 2

Wave 3

What are people worrying about?

Wave 1

Wave 2

Wave 3

Whose advice are people following?

Wave 1

Wave 2

Wave 3

Key findings - Wave 3

Prevalence of general behaviours

Overview by day (plot)

Overview by day (table)

Overview - Yes/No (plot)

Overview - Yes/No (table)

Predicting behaviours, risk perceptions, and intentions

Protective behaviours

In person behaviours

Risk perceptions

Intentions

Transport modes

Transport mode - behaviour

Transport mode - risk

Transport mode - intentions

Mode of attendance: in-person and remote

Perceived risk

Risk ratings of activities

Risk and behaviour correlation

Risk and intention correlation

Snapshot of behaviours

Work

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Purchased prepared food or drink

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Received health or medical care

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote

Crosstabs: past week / intentions

Crosstabs: past week IN PERSON / intentions

Socialised with friends or family

Days 0-7 (plot)

Days 0-7 (table)

Yes/No (plot)

Yes/No (table)

Crosstabs: in-person / remote